RECOGNIZING OUR WOMEN THEIR WORTH AND HEALTH 2007

DIABETES

DEFINITION  A condition that occurs when the body either does not produce enough Insulin or cannot effectively use the Insulin it produces.  This makes it difficult for the body to convert the food you eat into energy your cells need to survive and thrive.  Insulin is hormone that regulates the blood sugar and is produced by the Pancreas.

RISK FACTORS  A family history of Diabetes  Obesity/ Overweight  Hypertension  Physical Inactivity  Age  Ethnicity

TYPES OF DIABETES  Type 1 Diabetes Usually occur in children or young adults The Pancreas makes little or no Insulin.  Type 2 Diabetes The pancreas makes insulin but not enough Common in older adults but young people can also get it.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS  Feeling tired and weak all the time  Always thirsty  Need to urinate often  Sudden weight loss  Increased appetite  Blurred vision  Numbness or tingling in feet and /or hands  Wounds that won’t heal

COMPLICATIONS  Damage to heart and blood vessels  Eye problems  Kidney problems  Teeth, gum and skin infections  Problems with your legs and feet  Nerve damage

MANAGEMENT  Diet / Eating healthy  Exercise  Medication  Controlling blood sugar level  Maintaining normal body weight

 Millions of people worldwide have diabetes. Although diabetes is a serious health problem, with proper care you can learn to manage your diabetes and lead a full and active life.

HYPERTENSION OR BLOOD PRESSURE

 The force created as your heart pumps blood and moves through your blood vessels.  Two numbers are recorded when checking B/P Systolic pressure- force of blood in your vessels when your heart pumps Diastolic pressure- force of the blood in your vessels in between beats

When is Blood Pressure too High?  High blood pressure is also called hypertension.  Normal range 130/85  High B/P = 140/90 and higher  The higher your B/P, the higher your chance of getting a stroke.

Can you have Hypertension?  Do you smoke?  Do you have diabetes, heart disease or kidney disease?  Do you weigh more than you should?  Are you African -American?  Are you age 35 or older?  Do you often eat fried, salty or greasy foods?  Are you under a lot of stress?  Do you spend a lot of time sitting?  Do you get little physical activity?  Do you have 2 or more drinks of alcohol every day?  Do you often get headaches or wake up with a headache?

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS  Usually no symptoms are present.  However if the blood pressure is excessively high you may note the following changes.  Tiredness  Confusion  Vision changes  Crushing chest pain  Heart failure  Blood in the urine  Nosebleed  Irregular heartbeat  Ear noise or buzzing

RISK FACTORS  A risk factor is anything that may increase a person’s chance of developing the disease.  Different diseases, including cancers, have different risks factors.  Blood pressure measurements vary during the course of the day, depending on your activity level and even your emotional state.

RISK FACTORS  The following factors may contribute to an increase in Blood Pressure: 1. Being overweight 2. Excess sodium intake 3. A lack of exercise and physical activity

COMPLICATIONS  Increases your chances of getting a stroke  Damages blood vessel walls  Weakens blood vessel walls causing them to break and killing blood cells.

MANAGEMENT  Control your diet.  Limit serving sizes.  Maintaining a healthy weight, or losing weight if overweight.  Increase physical activity.  Practicing moderation if consuming alcoholic beverages.  Take daily medication if necessary  Have regular blood pressure checks.  Reduce stress  Stop smoking

CategorySystolic reading (mmHg) Diastolic reading (mmHg Follow-up recommendation Optimal12080Recheck in two years Normal13085Recheck in 2 years High Normal Recheck in one year Hypertension Stage 1 (Mild) Confirm within two months Hypertension Stage 2 (Moderate) Evaluate within one month Hypertension Stage 3 (Severe) Evaluate immediately or within one week depending on situation

WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL ASSITANCE?  Severe headache  Excessive tiredness  Confusion  Visual changes  Nausea and vomiting  Chest pain  Shortness of breath  Excessive sweating

Remember Hypertension is a Silent Killer!!!!!!!!  Don’t wait  Take Action Now  Confront the Killer  Learn the facts and  Follow your plan

CHOLESTEROL

 A fatty substance found only in animal foods.  It is also made by our bodies.  Small amounts are needed by the body for essential functions.  Excessive cholesterol forms a fatty plaque, which sticks to the inside of our arteries and can cause heart disease.

GOOD AND BAD CHOLESTEROL  LDL “bad” cholesterol Carries cholesterol around in the blood Forms plaque in the arteries Increases risk of heart disease  HDL “good” cholesterol Carries cholesterol to liver and out of body Helps avoid plaque and heart disease

MORE FATS IN THE BLOOD  Triglycerides A fat that circulates in blood and increases risk of heart disease  Lipid profile Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides. Gives a picture of the balance between good and bad cholesterol and other fats

NORMAL BLOOD LEVELS  Cholesterol (total)< 200 mg/dL  LDL0-130 mg/dL  HDL33-96 mg/dL  Triglycerides mg/dL

RISK FACTORS  High LDL cholesterol  Overweight and obesity  Hypertension or diabetes (type 2)  Unhealthy diet  Sedentary lifestyle  Family history  More common in men  Cigarette smoking  Especially a combination of several of these

MANAGEMENT  Eat a healthy diet.  Exercise regularly.  Keep weight in normal range.  If hypertensive or diabetic keep it under control.  Don’t smoke tobacco.  Get your cholesterol checked at least once a year if you have risk factors.

EXERCISE  Exercise boosts HDL (“good”)  Reduces risk of heart disease  Helps control weight  Helps control diabetes and hypertension  Exercise for at least 30 minutes daily  Choose a form of exercise that you enjoy and can keep up.

Diabetes, Hypertension and Cholesterol Benefits of Diet to Your Health

Risk Factors CONTROLLABLE  Smoking  Cholesterol levels  Obesity  Excessive alcohol intake  Salty and or high fat diet  Activity levels UNCONTROLLABLE  Genes  Age (males between 35-50)  African American  Pre-existing cardiovascular disease or stroke  Kidney disease  Diabetes  Family history

Benefits of Diet to Your Health  These conditions are lifestyle related therefore: Choosing a healthy lifestyle Changing your diet Participating in exercise and other stress relieving activities Reducing your weight

Healthy Eating Diabetes  Eat 3 meals everyday at regular times  Ensure all meals are balanced - be sure to add a protein food  Eat more high fibre foods  Limit the amount of high fat foods  Limit sugars and sweets  Limit dietetic foods  Limit salt and salty foods

Healthy Eating Diabetes  DO NOT skip meals  When thirsty drink water 6-8 glasses a day  Limit alcohol intake  If overweight, choose smaller portions and portion sixes that will help you reach healthy body weight  Keep active every day – have physical activity as part of your life

Healthy Eating Diabetes  Manage diabetes by balancing the kinds and amounts of foods eaten.  Some foods raise blood sugar Carbohydrates – sugar and starches e.g. bread, cereals, fruits, milk  Some foods slow down how fast sugar goes into your bloodstream Protein foods: meat, fish, cheese, poultry Fats and oils: butter, margarine, gravy, oil, salad dressings

Healthy Eating Diabetes Dietary fibre: whole grain bread and cereals, fresh fruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans  Other factors can lower your blood sugar Activity or exercise

Healthy Eating Hypertension  Eat a healthy and balanced diet low fat, and high in fruits and vegetables  Eat lots of low-fat dairy foods, whole grain products  Reduce the amount of salt  Have at least 3 serving a day of high potassium foods (bananas, raisins, squash, beet, potato, tomato)

Healthy Eating Hypertension  Use fresh products rather than canned, smoked or processed foods  Drink less alcohol – limit yourself to no more than 1-2 drinks a day  Practice read food labels

Healthy Eating Cholesterol  Reduce the total amount of fats and oil in the diet. Avoid fatty foods and fried foods – bake, grill, steam or boil foods instead of frying  Limit egg yolk to not more than 2-3 per week. This includes egg yolks used in the preparation and cooking of foods e.g. custards, eggnog, cakes, meatloaf.  Limit your use of organ meats (e.g. liver, heart, kidney) and of shell fish (e.g. shrimp, lobster, conchs)

Healthy Eating Cholesterol  Avoid foods that are high in saturated fat - bacon, sausages, pastry, gravies, salad dressings, mayonnaise  Limit use of red meats instead use more fish, chicken, turkey or dried peas, beans, lentils  Trim all visible fat from meats remove skin and before cooking. Pour off the fat that melts during cooking  Use low fat and skim milk products instead of full cream milk and dairy products

Healthy Eating Cholesterol  Include foods that are high in fibre e.g. dried peas and beans, nuts, whole wheat bread, whole grain cereals especially oats, oat bran, fresh fruits and vegetables and ground provisions.  Choose fats wisely - use vegetable oils and margarines that are high in polyunsaturated fats e.g. olive oil, canola oil, corn oil, sunflower oil  Avoid saturated and trans fats – too much can raise your cholesterol levels

Healthy Eating Cholesterol  Improving your diet is the most effective way to maintain good cholesterol levels IMPORTANT FACT:  It IS NOT the cholesterol found in foods that causes high blood cholesterol.  It IS the FAT in food, particularly the SATURATED FAT and TRANS FAT that raises blood cholesterol.

THE HEALTHY PLATE

Unhealthy eating Healthy eating

Relaxation Check your weight Exercise regularly Balance intake with output Visit your doctor regularly

Summary  Eat right  Watch your weight -even a modest drop in weight can make a difference  Be active - start a program of light exercise for at least minutes every day  Lower your stress levels. Practice stress reduction techniques  Stop smoking and drinking alcohol