Maximum Distance to Oil vs Average Price Source: Huber and Mills, p. 3
Maximum Efficiency of Prime Movers
Energy Density of Primary Fuels
Power Density
Crude Oil Production Source: Smil, 2010:36.
Natural Gas Production
Annual Energy Consumption in England and Wales per capita by type
Annual Energy Consumption in England and Wales per capita by type
Energy Consumption in England and Wales (petajoules)
Energy Consumption in England and Wales (percent shares)
Real Prices of Coal and Charcoal in the Midlands
Stationary Power Sources in Great Britain Crafts 2004, cited in Allen, page 173.
Energy Intensity and Energy Prices
World GDP and Energy Consumption in the 20th Century
US Energy Consumption, 1949-2009
Energy Consumption per-capita, US, 1949-2009
Energy Consumption per unit of Real GDP, 1949-2009
Energy Expenditures/GDP, 1970-2007
Productivity, Energy and Output in the United States
Energy Intensity in the 20th Century, major economies
Energy use and Income per person
Twentieth Century Gains in Energy Efficiency: Fossil Fuel Plants
Twentieth Century Gains in Energy Efficiency: Aircraft Engines
Twentieth Century Gains in Energy Efficiency: Iron Smelting
Twentieth Century Gains in Energy Efficiency: Ammonia Synthesis
Average Price of US Electricity
Crude Oil Prices
History of US Energy Consumption
History of US Energy Consumption
Primary Energy Use by Fuel
US Primary Energy Flow by Source and Sector
US Energy Consumption
Non-OPEC Production and the Oil Price
GDP, Oil Prices and Oil Capacity
OECD Inventories and the Futures Spread
OECD liquid fuels consumption and WTI crude oil price
Non-OECD liquid fuels consumption and GDP
World liquid fuels consumption, GDP, and WTI crude oil prices
Changes in OPEC production targets and WTI crude oil prices
OPEC spare production capacity and WTI crude oil prices
World Crude Oil Prices by Source
Crude oil prices and key geopolitical and economic events 1: US spare capacity exhausted 9: 9-11 attacks 2: Arab Oil Embargo 10: Low spare capacity 3: Iranian Revolution 11: Global financial collapse 4: Iran-Iraq War 12: OPEC cuts production targets 4.2 mmbpd 5: Saudis abandon swing producer role 6: Iraq invades Kuwait 7: Asian financial crisis 8: OPEC cuts production targets 1.7 mmbpd
Rising oil prices held down global oil consumption growth from 2005-2008, despite high economic growth
Average daily open interest in crude oil futures on U.S. exchanges
U.S. exchange-traded short positions by physical participants consistently exceed longs
Money managers tend to be net long
Simon-Ehrlich Commodities Wager
Simon-Ehrlich Wager for the Century
China’s Energy Production and Consumption
Coal in UK
GDP, Coal and Oil in UK
Uses of a Barrel of Petroleum
World Primary Energy Source
Log of the Real Oil Price (1970:1=100)
Nord Stream Pipeline Route
Major Pipeline Routes
Average Total Cost per ton of Pig Iron
TFP in Pig Iron Production
Proportion of Iron Smelted from Coke
Cost Components of Pig Iron Production in 1755 prices
Price of Labor Relative to Energy, early 1700’s
Wages relative to the Price of Capital
Real prices in London and cumulative output from the north east coalfields, 1700s-1860s
Laborer’s Wages Across the World
World Oil Reserves, years and totals
Natural Gas Reserves, years and totals
Exponential Reserve Index
EIA Forecast: World Marketed Energy to 2035