Literacy Starter Activities Year 10 C1 Topic 3: Acids Focus: Reading

C1.10 Indigestion Put the following sentences into the correct order: Sometimes the acid can escape from the top of the stomach, which causes pain in the tube leading to the mouth. Your stomach produces hydrochloric acid (HCl), which kills bacteria that may be on your food. Sometimes the stomach produces too much acid and this can cause stomach pain we call indigestion. This is known as heartburn, even though it has nothing to do with the heart. Food in the stomach is digested (broken down) by digestive enzymes that need acidic conditions to work properly.

C1.10 Indigestion Put the following sentences into the correct order: Sometimes the excess acid can escape from the top of the stomach, which causes pain in the tube leading to the mouth. 4 Your stomach produces hydrochloric acid (HCl), which kills bacteria that may be on your food. 1 Sometimes the stomach produces too much acid and this can cause stomach pain we call indigestion. 3 This is known as heartburn, even though it has nothing to do with the heart. 5 Food in the stomach is digested (broken down) by digestive enzymes that need acidic conditions to work properly. 2

C1.11 Indigestion remedies Compare the packaging of these two packets of indigestion tablets. Which one do you prefer? What features does the ‘Rennie’ packaging have that the other doesn’t? Why does it have these?

C1.12 Neutralisation Describe in one sentence what these hazard symbols might mean: corrosiveharmful or irritant flammabletoxic Now compare your answers with someone else. Would you change anything?

C1.13 Electrolysis Davy was a pioneer in the field of electrolysis using the voltaic pile to split up common compounds and thus prepare many new elements. He went on to electrolyse molten salts and discovered several new metals, especially sodium and potassium, highly reactive elements known as the alkali metals. Before the 18th century, no distinction was made between potassium and sodium. Potassium was the first metal that was isolated by electrolysis. Sodium was first isolated by Davy in the same year by passing an electric current through molten sodium hydroxide. Davy went on to discover calcium, magnesium, boron and barium. Write down three facts that this tells you about electrolysis. What else might you want to know?

C1.14 The importance of chlorine Read these 8 bullet points about chlorine. Then construct 3 sentences to write a short paragraph about chlorine to introduce this topic. Don’t forget to use connective words e.g. and, but, or: Chlorine is a toxic gas Chlorine is found in sodium chloride, found in sea water Chlorine bleaches damp litmus paper Chlorine is used in bleach and other cleaning products Chlorine compounds are used to sterilise swimming pools Chlorine is used to kill bacteria in drinking water Chlorine is used to make plastics Chlorine is a yellow-green gas Now compare with someone else’s sentences. Do they makes sense? Could they be written in a better way?

C1.15 Electrolysis of water Unscramble this sentence: Electric are and is passed current through the given water oxygen if a direct hydrogen at electrodes off If a direct electric current is passed through water hydrogen and oxygen are given off at the electrodes Extension: where would you put a comma?