Click to edit Master subtitle style Epilepsy Surgery & Neuroimaging Techniques By Morgan Hammick BME 281, Section 2

The Brain Often compared to an organic computer There are 6 major divisions of the adult brain Contains roughly 20 billion neurons Contains almost 95% of the body’s neural tissue Averagely weights 1.4 kg (3 lbs) Male brains are ~10% larger than females

Epilepsy A medical condition that produces seizures affecting a variety of mental and physical functions 1 in 10 adults will have a seizure in their life time Seizures are classified into 2 groups Symptomatic & Cryptogenic Causes of seizures are further divided into 2 groups Acute & Remote % cryptogenic and 30% remote

What Happens? 1. Non-invasive diagnostics 2. Electrode Implantation 1. Based off suspected epileptogenic zone 3. Brain Mapping 1. Using electrodes, MRI, EEG, and CT 2. Gives a better assessment of the risks and benefits of the resection surgery 4. Resection Surgery

Materials Types of electrodes Microwire electrodes Wires made of conducting metal coated with a non-cytotoxic insulator material. One array can consist of anywhere from 4 to over 100 wires Silicon-based electrodes Allow a more complex design and greater control over the electrode placement Unreliable for chronic recording in the CNS

Benefits Neuroimaging has revolutionized the care of patients More accurate diagnosis Reduced morbidity

Risks There is always a risk with invasive EEGs Nonreversible brain damage About 1% craniotomies Infection Memory Loss Partial Paralysis Surgery is only considered for patients who have no other options

Costs About 2 million people in the US have epilepsy $15.5 billion in direct & indirect costs $50,000 - $200,00 There are insurance companies that partially cover associated costs with epilepsy

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