“Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace” NFPA 70E ARC FLASH “Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace” 2009 to 2012 Standards Review Listed on Page 3 of 2012 Edition – 19 Significant Changes Discussion of historical development of Electrical Safe Work Practices from 1969 OSHA

OSHA does not reference 70E - ARC FLASH 70E Development History Evolution OSHA 1970 - 1910.331-335 “Electrical Safe Work Practices” 1/7/76 NFPA – established “electrical standards development committee” OSHA 6(b) process 1979 first edition published as 1 Part; ‘81-2 Parts; ‘83 – 3 Parts 2004 (seventh edition) – name and format changed to present OSHA does not reference 70E - ARC FLASH Present Format is exactly like NFPA 70 the NEC OSHA “incorporated by reference” to establish the electrical standard. Initially the 1968 NEC and then the 1971 editions were “incorporated” . It was then recognized that the 6b process would be required to revise OSHA. Asst. Secretary of Labor asked NFPA to address and develop a standard for worker safety.

OSHA and NFPA 70E 1910.137 PPE design 1910.269 Generation; T&D 1910.301-.308 Subpart S – equipment design and use 1910.331 – “Electrical Safe Work Practices” – action of “Incorporated by Reference” 1910.332 – Training requirement – the Qualified/ Unqualified person 1910.333 – De-energization, Lock out/Tag out, Distance requirements, INFEASABLE (70E – Section 130.2.a) 1910.334 – Testing, Tools, cords, operating switches 1910.335 – PPE, Signs, Barricades 1910.399 – Definitions 1926.400 Subpart “S” Construction Standard OSHA does not address Arc Flash. It only discusses electrical shock hazard. In 1991 OSHA did begin referencing “shock and other electrical hazards” in the standards. 1910.333 Lock out/ Tag out has been and continues to be the foundation of electrical safety 1910.307 Classification of Hazard Locations – Class 1 Div 1 – Class 3 Div 2

OSHA Construction 1926 Subpart K -- Electrical General 1926.400  Introduction. 1926.401  [Reserved] INSTALLATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 1926.402  Applicability. 1926.403  General requirements. 1926.404  Wiring design and protection. 1926.405  Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use. 1926.406  Specific purpose equipment and installations. 1926.407  Hazardous (classified) locations. 1926.408  Special systems. 1926.409-1926.415  [Reserved] All this is a discussion of construction and maintenance requirements not directed to action necessary to protect workers. More closely associated with NEC than NFPA 70E

OSHA Construction - Continued 1926 SAFETY-RELATED WORK PRACTICES 1926.416  General requirements. 1926.417  Lockout and tagging of circuits. 1926.418-1926.430  [Reserved] SAFETY-RELATED MAINTENANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 1926.431  Maintenance of equipment. 1926.432  Environmental deterioration of equipment. 1926.433-1926.440  [Reserved] SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 1926.441  Battery locations and battery charging. 1926.442-1926.448  [Reserved] 1926.449  Definitions applicable to this subpart. Again, construction and maintenance of electrical systems. Not specifically addressing the methods to keep workers safe from exposure.

Favorite Item 1910.333(a)(1) and NFPA 70E Section 130.2(a) "Deenergized parts." Live parts to which an employee may be exposed shall be deenergized before the employee works on or near them, unless the employer can demonstrate that deenergizing introduces additional or increased hazards or is infeasible due to equipment design or operational limitations. Live parts that operate at less than 50 volts to ground need not be deenergized if there will be no increased exposure to electrical burns or to explosion due to electric arcs. Note 1: Examples of increased or additional hazards include interruption of life support equipment, deactivation of emergency alarm systems, shutdown of hazardous location ventilation equipment, or removal of illumination for an area. Note 2: Examples of work that may be performed on or near energized circuit parts because of infeasibility due to equipment design or operational limitations include testing of electric circuits that can only be performed with the circuit energized and work on circuits that form an integral part of a continuous industrial process in a chemical plant that would otherwise need to be completely shut down in order to permit work on one circuit or piece of equipment. 1910. 333 - Lock out tag out is the best method to protect from Arc Flash. Note 1 – “additional hazards” Note 2 – “infeasable”

70 E Format Article 90 – Introduction Chapter 1 – Safety Related Work Practices Chapter 2 – Safety-Related Maintenance Requirements Chapter 3 – Safety Requirements for Special Equipment Annex’s A – P The format for the 2012 Standard was adopted with the 2004 Seventh Edition formatted to correspond with NFPA 70 the NEC. The Annex’s ( Appendices) provide information and examples supplemental to the Standard

2012 70E Changes There are 19 Major revisions to Article 90 and Chapter 1. Major revisions to Article 320 “Safety Requirements Related to Batteries and Battery Rooms Chapter 2 and 3 revisions are primarily for clarification and editorial purposes Annex’s D,F,H, J and O received substantial changes Annex P is new – Aligning 70E implementation with Safety Management standards 19 Major “Significant” revisions listed on page 3 of the 2012 Standard. Direct Current - First time inclusion of discussion and Arc Flash requirement for batteries (Direct Current) Annexes – D - pg. 63 “Incident Energy and Arc Flash Boundary Calculation Methods” ; F – pg. 73 “Hazard Analysis, Risk Estimation, and Risk Evaluation Procedure”; H – pg. 83 “Guidance on Selection of Protective Clothing and other Personal Protective Equipment” J - pg. 89 “Energized Electrical Work Permit” O – pg. 97 “Safety Related Design Requirements” Annex P represents the formal notice to Standardize

Chapter 1 Changes 70E Scope had been revised to align with NEC. Definitions of terms not used in the standard have been deleted. “Flame Resistant (FR)” has been changed to “arc-rated (AR) in regard to PPE. New Article 105, “Application of Safety Related Work Practices” with requirements formerly included in Article 110 that apply throughout Chapter 1 has been added. 3 year intervals for employee retraining and for electrical safety program auditing have been included Work practices requirements on use of GFCI’s to protect employees has been added Former 110.8 “Working While Exposed to Electrical Hazards”, has been moved to 130.3 Article 90 - pg. 7 Article 100 - 14 definitions (paragraphs) eliminated; FR to AR; No more Flame Resistant (FR) now it is (AR) Arc Rated Pg.14 new Article 105 stating “Application” pg. 14 Pg. 15 Employee Training – Risk Assessment – Annex F; Job Briefing required; 110. D. 3 “retraining …” Pg.17 Moved to 130.3 pg. 23

Chapter 1 Changes - Continued New safety related work practice for underground electrical lines and equipment has been added Individual qualified employee control procedure has been deleted from Article 120. Clarification that requirements of Article 130 apply whether energy incident analysis or hazard/ risk table is used to determine use and level of PPE has been provided. New equipment and information have been added covering use of PPE to protect against arc-flash hazard associated with enclosed electrical equipment The content of “energized electrical work permit” (EWP) has been revised and its use clarified. 8. pg. 20 - 120.4.e “a hold card tagging tool… be permitted” pg. 20 - 120.D.1 – 2009 pg. 22 - 130.1 General pg. 26 - 130.5 FPN 2&3 pg. 22 - 130.2.B ; Energized Electrical Work Permit;

Chapter 1 Changes - Continued New approach boundary and hazard/risk category tables for direct current circuits have been added, as well as information in Annex D on arc flash calculations A requirement for hearing protection when working within “arc flash boundary” has been added. Arc-flash protection for hands has been revised to specify “heavy – duty” leather gloves. Hazard/ risk category tables have been changed to include short-circuit current, fault clearing time and potential arc flash boundary information in each of the major equipment categories instead of in “specific notes” at the end of the table. pg 24 - 130.4.a ; .b - pg. 25 pg.28 - 130.7.C.5; pg. 29 130.7.C.7 a pg. 33 – 38 H/R Table 130.7.C.15;

Chapter 1 Changes - Continued 2* delineation for certain H/R Category 2 tasks have been deleted. Former Tables 130.7 (C) (10) and (C) (11) on PPE selection when hazard/risk category method is used have been combined into a single table New information requirements to the equipment labeling provisions have been clarified and added, and an exception for existing installations has been added. 2* a “special” designation in 2009 has been deleted 130.7.C.16; pg. 39 130.5.C; pg. 26

Chapter 2 Safety-Related Maintenance Requirements Article 200 - Introduction Article 205 - General Maintenance Requirements Article 210 - Substations, Switchgear Assemblies, Switchboards, Panelboards, Motor Control Centers and Disconnect Switches Article 215 - Premises Wiring Article 220 - Controller Equipment Article 225 - Fuses and Circuit Breakers Article 230 - Rotating Equipment Article 235 - Hazardous (Classified) Locations Article 240 - Batteries and Battery Rooms Article 245 - Portable Electric Tools and Equipment Article 250 - Personal Safety and Protective Equipment Begins on Pg. 44 through pg47 – 3 pages

Chapter 3 Safety Requirements for Special Equipment Article 300 - Introduction Article 310 - Safety-Related Work Practices for Electrolytic Cells Article 320 - Safety Requirements Related to Batteries and Battery Rooms Article 330 - Safety-Related Work Practices for Use of Lasers Article 340 - Safety-Related Work Practices: Power Electronic Equipment Article 350 - Safety-Related Work Requirements: Research and Development Laboratories Begins on page 48 through page 56 – 8 pages

ANNEXs A - Referenced Publications – part of the 70E requirements B - Informational References – not part of the requirements unless listed in A C - Limits of Approach – visual depiction D - Incident Energy and Arc Flash Boundary Calculation Methods E - Electrical Safety Program F - Hazard Analysis, Risk Estimation and Risk Evaluation Procedure G - Sample Lockout/ Tagout Procedure Begins on page 57 through page 98 – 41 pages A. pg 57 - As stated this is a listing of all the referenced publications cited in 70E. Naturally NFPA is listed first. ANSI, ASTM, ICRP, IEC, and IEEE are listed in order. American National Standards Institute American Society for Testing Materials International Commission on Radiological Protection International Electromechanical Commission Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers B. pg.59 - additional references that are not requirements unless listed in A C. pg. 61 - Limited / Restricted / Prohibited Approach Boundary depiction pg. 63-71 as stated pg 72 F pg. 73—79 G. pg. 80-82 LO/TO typical

Annex Continued H - Guidance on Selection of Protective Clothing and other Personal Protective Equipment I - Job Briefing and Planning Checklist J - Energized Electrical Work Permit K - General Categories of Electrical Hazards L - Typical Application of Safeguards in the Cell Line Working Zone M - Layering of Protective Clothing and Total System Arc Rating N - Example Industrial Procedures and Policies for Working Near Overhead Electrical Lines and Equipment H – pg.83-87 I – pg. 88 J – pg. 88 – 90 K – pg. 91; Shock, Arc Flash; Arc Blast L – pg. 92 M – pg.93 N – pg. 94-96

Annex Continued O - Safety-Related Design Requirements P - Aligning Implementation of This Standard with Occupational Health and Safety Management Standards O pg. 97 P pg. 98

SUMMARY My Personal Favorites Article 100 Definitions – “Working On” 130.2(a) Infeasable 130.7(C)(15)(a) Hazard/Risk Category Classifications 130.7(c)(9) (a) Layering Annex C – Limits of Approach Annex J – Energized Electrical Work Permit ????????????????????????????????? Pg. 11 Working on Pg. 22 Infeasable Pg. 33 Hazard Risk Category Classifications Pg. 29 Layering Pg. 61 Limits of Approach Pg. 89 Energized Electrical Work Permit