1. Environmental Health & Safety Arc Flash Training

2. Training Matrix Subject
Description of Subject Matter /Key Items Covered
Who is Required to attend
Frequency
Presented by
Safety Website Section
Arc Flash and Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices
Covers training with electrical safe work practices, working with exposed live parts, recognition of safe clearance distances and proper PPE level
All employees who perform electrical work and/or face a risk of an electrical shock
1. Initial training Annual Refresher thereafter When changes in electrical equipment occur
Competent Person
Electrical Safety

3. NFPA 70E Arc Flash Standard

4. Program Objectives
Understand the approach boundaries and how their distances are determined;
What skills qualified workers must be able to demonstrate;
How to properly select arc-rated clothing and protective equipment;
What levels of protection are required in each of the four PPE Categories;
How an electrically safe working condition is created;
When energized work is permitted;
What information can be found on an energized electrical work permit.

5. What does NFPA 70E address?
One of the leading authorities on electrical safety is the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Their document number 70E is recognized by many regulatory authorities and organizations as the “best practices” for electrical safety.
The Standard includes guidance for making hazard identification an risk assessments, selecting appropriate PPE, establishing an electrically safe work condition, and employee training

6. Arc Flash Hazard
Workers must understand and follow up-to-date electrical safety-related electrical work practices, maintenance requirements and administrative controls.
This program provides an overview of the 2015 edition of NFPA 70E and shows how following its guidelines helps keep electrical workers safe.
NFPA 70E defines 50V as the threshold which requires isolation before servicing
Every year, electrical workers are seriously injured or killed by contacting energized parts or being subjected to an electrical arc flash.
70E Training Requirements

7. Two Hazards of Electricity
The first hazard of electricity is electric shock, which can occur when a worker makes direct contact with or comes too close to energized parts.
The second hazard of electricity is exposure to an arc flash.
Unprotected workers can suffer severe burns when exposed to the sudden, violent release of energy

8. Arc Flash
The flash occurs instantaneously; releasing a huge amount of energy in a very short period of time
The energy produced melts components, flooding the air with conductive particles.
Blast pressure waves have thrown workers across rooms and knocked them off ladders. Pressure on the chest can be higher than 2000 lbs./ sq. ft.
When an arc fault occurs

9. Arc Flash
70E Training Requirements

10. 70E Training Requirements

11. Arc Flash Incident
May 2003
Troubleshooting energized outdoor switchgear
Three workers, all wearing polyester blend clothing
Voltage = 13,200V
A company security camera filmed the entire accident
70E Training Requirements

12. Incident Injuries
Two workers 2nd & 3rd degree burns over 60% of the body
Synthetic hair nets and hardhat suspension burned into scalp
One burn victim in drug-induced coma for 6 weeks while burns being scrubbed
3rd worker not burned but suffered neurological damage from the blast
Note: He weighed approximately 300 lbs. and was thrown almost 12 feet backwards

13. This is what electricity can do to you. CAUTION (Very graphic pictures
70E Training Requirements 13

15. Electrical Safety Program
An Electrical Safety Program shall assess and identify the risks to employees exposed to electrical hazards, and
develop the specific procedures before work is started, as well as,
Safety-related work practices, maintenance requirements, warning practices, auditing requirements and training requirements are part of the Electrical Safety Program

16. Employee Training
One who has demonstrated skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment and installations and has received the safety training to Identify the hazards involved.
Familiar with proper use of special precautionary equipment, PPE including arc flash suit; insulating and shielding materials; and insulating tools and test equipment
Approach distance specified in Table 130.4(D)(a) and Table 130.4(D)(b)
Determine the degree and extent of the hazard and the PPE and job planning necessary to perform the task safely
Qualified Operator
Shall be trained in and be familiar with any electrical safety related practices necessary for their safety
Unqualified Persons

17. Employee Training Retraining: Training Documentation:
If supervisor or annual inspection indicate that the employee is not complying with safety related work practices
New technology, equipment is implemented or changes in procedures are made
Retraining:
Shall be maintained for the duration of the employee’s employment
Must contain the content of the training, Employee’s name and date of training.
Training Documentation:
Retraining shall be performed at intervals not to exceed three years

18. NFPA 70E Training Requirements
Employer shall document that employees required to respond to emergencies have received training in:
(1) Contact Release. Employees exposed to shock hazards shall be trained in methods of safe release of victims from contact with exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts.
(2) Resuscitation. Employees shall be regularly instructed in the method of first aid and emergency procedures, such as approved methods of resuscitation, if their duties warrant such training.
Training of employees in approved methods of resuscitation, including cardiopulmonary resuscitations and automated external defibrillator (AED) use, shall be verified annually.
• Understanding the specific hazards associated with electrical energy and knowledgeable of the construction and operation of the equipment to recognize and avoid electrical hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment or work method.
• Safe-related work practices and procedure requirements as necessary to provide protection from electrical hazards.
• Trained to identify and understand the relationship between electrical hazards and possible injury and methods of release from contact with exposed energized conductors or circuit parts.
• Describe type's) of training – classroom or on-the-job or a combination of the two.
• Degree of training determined by the risk to the employee.
• Address qualified and non-qualified worker training on and near exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts.
70E Training Requirements

19. Relationships with Contractors
Any unique hazards presented by the contract employer’s work,
Any unanticipated hazards found during the contract employer’s work that the host employer did not mention, and
The measures the contractor took to correct any violations reported by the host employer and to prevent such violation from recurring in the future.
The contract employer shall advise the host employer of:
Documentation. There shall be a documented meeting between the host employer and the contract employer.

20. Electrical Safe Work Condition
The NFPA’s definition of an electrically safe working condition is “a state in which an electrical conductor or circuit part has been disconnected from energized parts, locked and tagged in accordance to established standards, tested to ensure the absence of voltage and grounded if determined necessary.”
The best way for workers to protect themselves from the shock hazard and arc flash hazard presented by electricity is to create an electrically safe working condition.
The primary protective strategy must be to establish an electrically safe work condition. After this strategy is executed, all electrical energy has been removed from all conductors and circuit parts to which the worker could be exposed. After the electrically safe work condition has been established, no PPE is necessary, and unqualified workers are permitted to execute the remainder of the work.
The only exception to this requirement is if deenergizing the circuit conductors or equipment cannot be justified as described in the following list. Justification for work on or near exposed live parts must be in writing. A qualified person may perform work on or near exposed live parts under the following conditions:
• Deenergizing the conductors or equipment could result in an increased hazard. For instance,
a life support system might be dependent on the continuation of the electrical service.
• Deenergizing the conductors or equipment could require a complete shutdown of a continuous process. For instance, the design of the electrical circuit is such that a continuous processing facility must be completely shut down.
70E Training Requirements

21. Energized Work
Energized work is permitted when it can be demonstrated that de-energizing introduces additional or increased hazards.
Some examples include life support equipment, emergency alarm systems or hazardous location ventilation equipment.
Energized work is permitted on electrical conductors and circuit parts which operate at less than 50 volts and it is determined that there is no increased exposure to electric burns or arcs.
2015 NFPA 70E requires that an electrically safe working condition be created before performing any work unless one the following conditions exist.

22. Energized Electrical Work Permit
Description of circuit and equipment to be worked on and location
Justification for performing work in energized condition
Description of safe work practices to be employed
Restricted -Limited approach boundary Table 130.4(B), 130.4(D)(a), and table 134.4(D)(b)
Necessary PPE to protect against the hazard. Table 130.7(C)(1) through (c)(16) Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(a), 130.7(C)(16) and 130.7(D)
Means to restrict access to unqualified persons
Evidence of job briefing
When energized Electrical Work is permitted a work permit shall be required and include the following elements:
When the energized work permit is executed, the items listed in 130.1(A)(2) must be considered, and the permit should provide evidence of their consideration. Note that these items evidence the fact that consideration of electrical hazards is of primary importance.
70E Training Requirements

23. Exemptions to Work Permit.
1) testing, troubleshooting and voltage measuring
2) Thermography and visual inspection if the restricted approach boundary is not crossed.
3) Access and egress to an area with electrical equipment if no electrical work is being performed and the restricted approach boundary is not crossed.
4) General housekeeping and miscellaneous nonelectrical tasks if the restricted approach boundary is not crossed.
An energized electrical work permit shall not be required under any of the following:

24. Work involving Electrical Hazards
NFPA 70E 130.1
Work Involving Electrical Hazards
All requirements of this article shall apply whether an incident energy analysis is completed or If table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(a). Table 130.7(C)(15 )(A)(b) and Table 130.7(C))(16) are used in lieu of an incident energy analysis in accordance with 130.5
70E Training Requirements

25. Arc Flash Analysis Methods

26. 2015 NFPA 70E®
Table 130.7C)(15)(A)(a)

27. 2015 NFPA 70E®
Table 130.7C)(15)(A)(b)

28. 2015 NFPA 70E®

29. Shock Protection Boundaries.
To protect workers from the hazards of electricity, the NFPA 70E establishes approach boundaries at specific distances from exposed energized parts or potential arc sources.
Table 130.4(D)(a) shall be used for the distances associated with various ac system voltages.
Table 130.4(D)(b) shall be used for the distances associated with various dc system voltages.
The shock protection boundaries identified as limited approach boundary and restricted approach boundary are applicable where approaching personnel are exposed to energized electrical conductors or circuit parts.

30. 2015 NFPA 70E®
Table 130.4(D)(a)
The slide reflects an abbreviated table, but none of the missing information is different than the 2012 edition. Note the elimination of the Prohibited Approach Boundary. The changes to the notes are discussed in the following slide.

31. 2015 NFPA 70E®
Table 130.4(D)(b)
The slide reflects an abbreviated table, but none of the missing information is different than the 2012 edition. Note the elimination of the Prohibited Approach Boundary. The changes to the notes are basically the same as for AC.

32. 2015 NFPA 70E®

33. Limits of Approach – Arc Flash Protection Boundary
Restricted
Limited
This approach boundary is established to protect workers from exposure to an arc flash; It is the outermost of all approach boundaries and must be marked with barricading and hazard signage.
Energized part
Calculated distance
70E Training Requirements

34. Limits of Approach – Limited Approach Boundary
Restricted
Limited
The Limited Approach Boundary is the shock protection boundary farthest away from the energized parts and is established to keep unqualified persons a safe distance from exposed live parts.
Energized part
Calculated distance
70E Training Requirements

35. Limits of Approach – Restricted Approach Boundary
The Restricted Approach Boundary is the shock protection boundary closest to the energized parts and may only be crossed by qualified electrical workers following safe electrical work-practices which include wearing appropriate shock protection PPE and using insulated tools.
Restricted
Energized part
Calculated distance
70E Training Requirements

36. Hazard Risk Category

37. Activities Not Requiring Arc Flash PPE
Reading meter while operating switch
Normal operation of CB, switch, contactor, or starter
Voltage testing on individual battery cells or individual multi-cell units
Removal or installation of covers for equipment not exposing bare, energized parts
Removal of battery inter-cell connector covers
Performing inspection (include thermography) outside RAB, not including opening covers/doors
Work on <120 V, including opening doors/covers
Insulated cable inspection without manipulation
Remove/install cells in an open rack
Maintaining battery cells in open rack
Certain tasks for qualified Arc-resistant switchgear
List of activities from Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(a) that under qualifying conditions do not require the use of arc-flash clothing. Remind the students that other hazards such as shock, thermal burns, and arc-blast effects could still warrant PPE.
2015 NFPA 70E®

38. 704 E Label Sample
Labels must display the nominal system voltage, the Arc Flash Boundary and at least one of the following items: the Arc Flash PPE Category and/ or the Minimum Arc Rating of clothing and PPE.
70E Training Requirements

39. Personal Protective Equipment
Arc-rated clothing and protective equipment is designed to withstand both the intense heat and force of an arc blast without breaking open or bursting into flames
To provide an appropriate level of protection, arc-rated clothing and protective equipment must be selected to meet or exceed the predicted incident energy level of a potential arc flash at the working distance of the task to be performed.
Selecting Arc-Rated Clothing and Protective Equipment
V-rated gloves shall be inspected prior to use
The qualified worker must inspect his or her FR clothing before wearing it. The qualified worker should be trained to understand that if any flammable substance is on the surface of the FR clothing, the rating of the FR clothing is voided. The clothing must be free from tears or rips. Maintenance instructions provided by the manufacturer must be followed to ensure that the protective characteristics of the clothing are maintained.
70E Training Requirements

40. Inspecting Voltage Rated Gloves in Field
Visual Inspection
Inflation
Reverse glove and repeat
Store in appropriate glove bag
70E Training Requirements

41. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Provide information/labels on PPE on thermal rating
Train employees on use and selection of PPE
Provide regular inspection, care and maintenance of PPE
Document use and maintenance of PPE
Dispose of PPE after useful life has ended
Select PPE based on arc flash hazard assessment

42. Precautions Working on or Near Live Parts
Don’t reach blindly into areas that might contain exposed live parts
Provide illumination in spaces to enable safe work
Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing such as watchbands, bracelets, necklaces shall not be worn
Use only insulated tools rated for voltage when working inside the Limited Approach Boundary of exposed live parts where contact might be made
70E Training Requirements

43. What is the purpose of all of these regulations?
SUMMARY
Create a safe work environment
Reduce the number of injuries and fatalities caused by electrical hazards (Electric Shock, Arc Flash and Arc Blast)
What is the purpose of all of these regulations?
70E Training Requirements

44. Arc Flash
QUESTIONS?