Effetti Acuti Cardiovascolari ed Esercizio Fisico

1.Fase preparatoria iniziale Stimolazione adrenergica Vasocostrizione distrettuale 2.Fase intermedia metabolica Fattori locali Stimolazione adrenergica Risposta Cardiovascolare allEsercizio Acuto

Fase preparatoria iniziale Fase preparatoria iniziale Stimolazione adrenergica (cuore) Stimolazione adrenergica (cuore) vasocostrizione distrettuale vasocostrizione distrettuale Risposta Cardiovascolare allEsercizio Acuto

Fase preparatoria iniziale Stimolazione adrenergica (cuore) Stimolazione adrenergica (cuore) Risposta Cardiovascolare allEsercizio Acuto

Resting, anticipatory, and maximum exercise heart rate in competitive runners and untrained subjects during all-out running Event Event 60 yards 220 yards 440 yards 880 yards 1 mile 2 mile REST T UT ANTICIP ANTICIP T UT EXERCISE T UT T = Trained UT = Untrained McArdle W.D. Telemetred cardiac response to selected running events J. Appl. Physiol. 23:566,1967 J. Appl. Physiol. 23:566,1967

Integreted chemical,neural and hormonal adjustaments prior to and during exercise Activator Activator Activation of motor cortex and higer areas of brain causes increase in sympathetic outflow and reciprocal inhibition of parasympathetic activity Activation of motor cortex and higer areas of brain causes increase in sympathetic outflow and reciprocal inhibition of parasympathetic activity Response Response Acceleration of heart rate; increased myocardial contractility; vasodilatation in skeletal and heart muscle (cholinergic fibres); vasoconstriction in other areas, especially in skin,gut,spleen, liver and kidneys (adrenergic fibres); increase in arterial blood pressure. Acceleration of heart rate; increased myocardial contractility; vasodilatation in skeletal and heart muscle (cholinergic fibres); vasoconstriction in other areas, especially in skin,gut,spleen, liver and kidneys (adrenergic fibres); increase in arterial blood pressure. Preexerciseanticipatoryresponse

Integreted chemical,neural and hormonal adjustaments prior to and during exercise Continued sympathetic cholinergig outflow; alterations in local metabolic conditions due to hypoxia, pH, CO2, ADP, Mg++, Ca++, temperature. Continued sympathetic cholinergig outflow; alterations in local metabolic conditions due to hypoxia, pH, CO2, ADP, Mg++, Ca++, temperature. Continued sympathetic adrenergic outflow in conjunction with epineprhine and norepineprhine from the adrenal medulla Continued sympathetic adrenergic outflow in conjunction with epineprhine and norepineprhine from the adrenal medulla Further dilatation of muscle vasculature Concomitant constriction of vasculature in inactive tissues to maintain adeguate perfusion pressure throu ghout arterial system. Venous vessels stiffen to reduce their capacity. This venoconstrinction facilitates venous return and maintainsthe central blood volume ConditionEXERCISE Activator Response

Distribution of Flow at Rest and during Acute Exercise

4% 1% 4% CRMS CRMS 5% Rest 3-5 Lmin Exercise Lmin Distribution of Flow at rest and during Acute Exercise

Heart Rate in Response to Exercise Watts HR

Cardiovascular Response to Acute Exercise ( Stroke Volume)

Cardiovascular Response to Acute Exercise (Cardiac Output)

Cardiovascular Response to Acute Exercise

Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in Men and Women

Age and End Diastolic Volume during Acute Exercise

Change of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction from Rest to Exercise

Blood Pressure = CO x Peripheral Resistance In normal subjects exercise increases Cardiac Output and/or decreases Peripheral Resistance

Exercise and Blood Pressure in normal subjects Watts P.A.

Exercise and Blood Pressure normal subjects

Men < 20 Men > 20 Systolic Diastolic

Coronary Flow and Heart Rate HR Cor.Flow

Cardiovascular Response to Exercise Watts Coronary Flow Cc/min/100gr Myocardial O2 Cosumption cc/min/100gr

Effetti della Vasocostrizione sul Flusso Coronarico

Exercise,Vasoconstriction and Coronary Flow Vasoconstriction (Acute Exercise) 25% Radius 63% Area 17% Radius 96% Area

Effetti della Vasocostrizione sul Flusso Coronarico

H.R. b/min Recovery Cycloergometer Cardiovascular Response to Acute Exercise in trained subjects