Digital Signal Processor OverviewOverview

2 Signal Processing Specialized ADC 2D ADC 1D Real-time?

3 Real-time tasks Real-time Processing Example: 100-tap FIR filter è eseguito real-time se si è in grado di completare loperazione di filtraggio entro due istanti di capionamento successivi: La definizione di Real-time Processing dipende dal contesto applicativo Processing Time Waiting Time Sample Time nn+1 WT PT ST WT 0

4 Analog Signal Processing Specialized HW 1DASIC 2D

5 tolleranze temperaturavariazioni di voltaggiovibrazioni meccaniche Le tolleranze associate a questi componenti analogici, la temperatura, le variazioni di voltaggio e le vibrazioni meccaniche possono drammaticamente indurre effetti non prevedibili sul circuito analogico. Resistors, Capacitors e Inductors Le tecniche di processing analogico si avvalgono di componenti come: Resistors, Capacitors e Inductors. Analog Signal Processing

6 ADC 2D Digital Signal Processing Specialized CPU ADC Specialized HW DSP FPGA R4 LW R1, a(R4) R4 LW R2, b(R4) ADD R3,R1,R2 R4 SW c(R4),R3 ASIC 1D

7 FIR Filter with Linear Phase Le attuali tecniche di processing digitale sono così potenti che in particolari ambiti applicativi, è quasi impossibile, per le tecniche di processing analogiche ottenere performance comparabili. Adaptive Filters Digital Signal Processing FIR Filter

8 Digital Signal Processing Change applications Correct applications Update applications Easy Reduces Noise susceptibility Development time Power consumption Noise susceptibility Development time Power consumption Cost Programmable Hardware DSP FPGA Programmabilità

9 High frequency signals High frequency signals cannot be processed digitally because of two reasons: Digital Signal Processing Limiti degli ADC Le applicazioni diventano troppo complesse per essere elaborate in Real-time Analog to Digital Converters (ADC ) non lavorano ad alte frequenze ADC

10 Digital Signal Processor DSP vs. GPP General Purpose Processor (GPP) Large memory Advanced operating systems Processing of many high frequency signals in real-time Cost saving Smaller size Low power consumption Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

11 SOP La Somma di Prodotti (SOP) è la base di molti algoritmi tipici per DSP: Digital Signal Processor Algoritmo SOP

12 I processori DSP sono ottimizzati per operazioni di somma e moltiplicazione. Moltiplicazioni e addizioni sono eseguite con hardware specializzati e completate in un ciclo di clock. Hardware Microcode x x Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle 5 Digital Signal Processor Hardware vs. Microcode Example: 4-bit multiply (unsigned)

13 Parameter Arithmetic format Extended floating point Extended Arithmetic Performance (peak) Number of hardware multipliers Number of registers Internal L1 program memory cache Internal L1 data memory cache Internal L2 cache 32-bit N/A 40-bit 1200MIPS 2 (16 x 16-bit) with 32-bit result 32 32K 512K 32-bit 64-bit 40-bit 1200MFLOPS 2 (32 x 32-bit) with 32 or 64-bit result 32 32K 512K TMS320C6211 TMS320C6711 C6711 Datasheet: TMS320C6711.pdf TMS320C6711.pdf C6211 Datasheet: TMS320C6211.pdf TMS320C6211.pdf Digital Signal Processor Parametri Tecnici

14 Parameter I/O bandwidth: Serial Ports (number/speed) DMA channels Multiprocessor support Supply voltage Power management On-chip timers (number/width) Cost Package External memory interface controller JTAG 2 x 75Mbps 16 Not inherent 3.3V I/O, 1.8V Core Yes 2 x 32-bit US$ Pin BGA Yes 2 x 75Mbps 16 Not inherent 3.3V I/O, 1.8V Core Yes 2 x 32-bit US$ Pin BGA Yes TMS320C6211 TMS320C6711 Digital Signal Processor Parametri Tecnici

15 Can be slower than fixed-point counterparts and larger in size Digital Signal Processor Fixed vs. Floating Floating Point Ease of use High precision Wide dynamic range High signal-to-noise ratio Higher power consumption Can be more expensive It is the application that dictates which device and platform to use in order to achieve optimum performance at a low cost

16 Advantages High throughputHigh throughput Lower silicon areaLower silicon area Lower power consumptionLower power consumption Improved reliabilityImproved reliability Reduction in system noiseReduction in system noise Low overall system costLow overall system cost Disadvantages High investment costHigh investment cost Less flexibilityLess flexibility Long time from design to marketLong time from design to market Digital Signal Processor GP-DSP vs. ASIC-DSP Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) are semiconductors designed for dedicated functions

17 VoIP Digital Signal Processor Texas Instruments TMS220 Family C2000 C5000 C6000 Lowest Cost Control Systems - Motor Control - Storage - Digital Ctrl Systems Efficiency Best MIPS per Watt / Dollar / Size Best MIPS per Watt / Dollar / Size - Wireless phones - Internet audio players - Digital still cameras - Modems - Telephony - VoIP Performance & Best Ease-of-Use - Multi Channel and Multi Function App's Function App's - Comm Infrastructure - Wireless Base-stations - DSL - Imaging - Multi-media Servers - Video

18 TMS320 C 64x: TMS320 C 64x: The C64x fixed-point DSPs offer the industry's highest level of performance to address the demands of the digital age. At clock rates of up to 1 GHz, C64x DSPs can process information at rates up to 8000 MIPS with costs as low as $ In addition to a high clock rate, C64x DSPs can do more work each cycle with built-in extensions. These extensions include new instructions to accelerate performance in key application areas such as digital communications infrastructure and video and image processing. TMS320C 62 x: TMS320C 62 x: These first-generation fixed-point DSPs represent breakthrough technology that enables new equipments and energizes existing implementations for multi-channel, multi-function applications, such as wireless base stations, remote access servers (RAS), digital subscriber loop (xDSL) systems, personalized home security systems, advanced imaging/biometrics, industrial scanners, precision instrumentation and multi-channel telephony systems. TMS320C 67 x: TMS320C 67 x: For designers of high-precision applications, C67x floating-point DSPs offer the speed, precision, power savings and dynamic range to meet a wide variety of design needs. These dynamic DSPs are the ideal solution for demanding applications like audio, medical imaging, instrumentation and automotive. Digital Signal Processor TMS220 - C6000