Perceptual versus Cultural. Architecture for visual thinking.

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Presentation transcript:

Perceptual versus Cultural

Architecture for visual thinking

Intro to Human Visual System and Displays Fundamental Optics Fovea The ultimate Display

Human Visual Field

Visual Angle

1 diopter: a lens that focuses at 1 meter. 45d ~15d

Acuities Vernier super acuity (10 sec) Grating acuity Two Point acuity (0.5 min)

Human Spatial Acuity

Cutoff at 50 cycles/deg. Receptors: 20 sec of arc Pooled over larger and larger areas 100 million receptors 1 million fibers to brain A screen may have 30 pixels/cm – need about 4 times as much. VR displays have 5 pixels/cm

Anti aliasing

Temporal Aliasing Human Flicker fusion 50 Hz Temporal aliasing occurs with moving targets Must compute motion blur to fix the problem

Acuity Distribution

Brain Pixels

Brain pixels=retinal ganglion cell receptive fields Tartufieri Field size = 0.006(e+1.0) - Anderson Characters = 0.046e - Anstis Ganglion cells

Brain pixel distribution Ideally get information into every brain pixel

Pixels and Brain Pixels 0.2 BP 1 bp Small Screen 0.8 BP Big Screen

1280x1024 simulated Monitor CAVE A conventional monitor covers <45% of our brain pixels

Percent of Brain Pixels Uniquely Stimulated in region covered by the display Monitor Cave

How efficiently can we use each display? It will take approximately 2.5x as long to fixate targets at the edge of the big screen Head movements accompany eye movements > 25 deg.

Scale matters Parafovea

Ultimate Display

University of Illinois 100mpixel display

Data walls (near immersion) Stereo, no head tracking, wide screen

CAVE Head tracking – stereo-one user Light scattering problems Interaction problems

Depth of Field 1/3 diopter detectable focus: standard pupil 50 cm43cm60cm 1 m75cm1.5m 2m1.2m6.0m 3m1.5minfinity = + f 1 f 2 f 3

Ultimate Display

Augmented Reality

Issues Depth of focus Occlusion Registration

Augmented reality (Feiner) Add text+images to real world See through glasses Very sensitive to head tracking

Augmented Reality Binoculars Uses a video camera Or Beam splitter.

Why don’t we use HUDs more? Text Television

Why don’t we use HUDs more? Text Television Monocular binocular Screen width Blocking the real world Eyeglasses

Immersadesk Stereo, Head tracking*

Ultra Hi-Resolution Wheatstone Stereoscope