© T. M. Whitmore Today Papua New Guinea & the Pacific realm (Oceania)

© T. M. Whitmore Announcements Second papers due Friday!  None accepted after 5 PM Friday  No ed papers accepted  Stapled, please Final Exam 12 noon Monday here  Review session 7 PM, 220 Saunders

© T. M. Whitmore Last Time Australia & New Zealand  Physical Geography  Population and density issues  Historical, economic, and cultural  Immigration and Maori & Aboriginal rights

© T. M. Whitmore Papua New Guinea & Oceania I Size, location, and etc  Micro states (thousands of islands and many states)  Spread over thousands of miles of the Pacific  Pacific ~ a hemisphere it self virtually ½ the globe  Total land area is small  Islands <4 x NC  Total area ~ 18x NC  Small pop  Total ~ = NC; > 1/2 in Papua New Guinea

© T. M. Whitmore Papua New Guinea & Oceania II Physical geography  Tropical/equatorial wet (AF - AM) or tropical wet/dry climates (Am)  Aside from New Guinea, 2 island types “high” and “low” (i.e., volcanic mountainous islands or low coral reef islands)high  Papua New Guinea has large mtn. range Papua New Guinea

High Volcanic islands

Low Atoll islands

© T. M. Whitmore Original settlement & Colonial past Initial settlement  Over 3000 yrs from 2500 BC European voyages of “discovery”discovery  1600s – 1700s Complex colonial histories for most Complex colonial histories Many still colonial possessions  France  USA

© T. M. Whitmore International Law of the Sea Territorial waters vs “high seas”  For most = 12 miles  Used to be “cannon shot” distance ~ 3 miles Exclusive Economic Zones  200 miles or width of the continental shelf (whichever is larger) from shore  Thus an tiny atoll can claim economic rights (minerals & fishing etc.) to an area 200 miles across (166,000 sq mi)

John Wiley & Sons.

© T. M. Whitmore Melanesia Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji  Some ethnic and linguistic commonality but hundreds of languages  Papua New Guinea  New Caledonia  Fiji

Fiji

© T. M. Whitmore Micronesia Mostly micro-sized low islands Former UN sponsored USA trust area from former Japanese holdings from WWI Marshall Islands Marshall  Open air H-bomb nuclear tests in 1950s  Bikini: the article of clothing got its name from the island in the 1950s when the H-bomb tests occurred there  Much USA aid

© T. M. Whitmore Micronesia Northern Mariana Islands  Commonwealth of USA (like Puerto Rico)  Large clothing industry using Chinese labor (“made in USA”) Guam  USA territory  Large US military presence  Similar “made in USA” clothing industry

© T. M. Whitmore Polynesia Hawaii to N. New Zealand  Samoa, Tahiti, Hawaii, etc.  Amazingly wide spread culture  Tourism is main industry

© W.H. Freeman & Co.