North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Introduction to NATO Introduction to NATO NATO Public Diplomacy Division

NATO today? Cold War End Cold War September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks static warfare – nuclear deterrence End Cold War partnerships – crisis management September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks combating new threats – force projection out-of-area

NATO today? political or military? political or military? COLLECTIVE defensive or pre-emptive action? defensive or pre-emptive action? DEFENCE North Atlantic, Euro-Atlantic or global? north atlantic, euro-atlantic or global?

NATO - Overview  What is NATO?  What does NATO do?  How does NATO work?

What is NATO? 1. A political & military organisation 2. Member countries 3. Sharing common values 4. The principle of collective defence 5. A broad definition of security 6. Maintaining the transatlantic link OVERVIEW

A political & military organisation DIALOGUE / CONSENSUS DIPLOMACY COOPERATION A political organisation reinforcing security by reducing the risk of conflict OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?

A political & military organisation A military organisation COLLECTIVE DEFENCE CRISIS MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS MAINTAINING ADEQUATE MILITARY CAPABILITIES OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?

Member countries 26 Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, 1952 Greece, Turkey 1955 Germany 1982 Spain 1999 Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States 26 1999 1982 1955 1952 1949 2004 OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?

Sharing common values democracy freedom common heritage peace and stability solidarity rule of law individual liberty well-being OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?

The principle of collective defence An armed attack against one or more members is considered as an attack against all The right to self-defence – Article 51 UN Charter Article 5 - Washington Treaty No geographic limitation – foreign ministers at Reykjavik, May 2002 Operate when & where necessary to fight terrorism Article 5 of the Washington Treaty: « The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all, and consequently agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of their right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually, and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?

A broad definition of security Political Economic Social Environmental Military The Alliance’s Strategic Concept (1999) OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?

The transatlantic link Linking North America and Europe A unique security partnership + forum for strategic security discussions OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO?

What does NATO do? 1. Protects people 2. Welcomes new members 1. 3. Forges partnerships 4. Builds peace and stability 5. Combats new threats OVERVIEW

Protecting people Stimulates consultation Promotes dialogue and cooperation Prevents conflicts through diplomacy Helps to rebuild post-conflict areas OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

Welcoming new members Article 10 Washington Treaty « The Parties may, by unanimous agreement, invite any other European State in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area to accede to this Treaty. […] » Article 10 Washington Treaty an ongoing process NATO’s open door policy OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

Membership Action Plan Programme to help aspiring partner countries meet: NATO STANDARDS PREPARE FOR POSSIBLE FUTURE MEMBERSHIP Currently: Albania, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia* * Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW MEMBERS

Forging partnerships Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council Partnership for Peace programme NATO-Russia relations NATO-Ukraine relations Mediterranean Dialogue Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Working with other international organisations OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council 26 members + 20 partners A MULTILATERAL FORUM - 46 regional issues, arms control, terrorism, peacekeeping, science, etc. EAPC ACTION PLAN Created in 1997 – successor to the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (1991) OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS

Partnership for Peace 20 Partners Established in 1994 Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Croatia, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kyrghyz Republic, Moldova, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia*, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan 20 Partners Established in 1994 *Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS

Partnership for Peace Practical cooperation Planning & Review Process Individual Partnership Programmes Individual Partnership Action Plans Partnership Action Plan Against Terrorism Partnership for Peace Trust Funds Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS

NATO-Russia relations NATO-Russia Council (2002) «  « Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security between NATO and the Russian Federation » (1997) Practical cooperation OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS

NATO-Ukraine relations NATO-Ukraine Commission (1997) «  « NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997) Practical cooperation OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS

Mediterranean Dialogue Initiated 1994 - currently seven participants The Mediterranean Cooperation Group Annual work programmes Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Mauritania, Tunisia OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS

Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Initiated 2004 - currently four participants The Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Group Annual work programmes Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirats OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS

Other international organisations United Nations Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Council of Europe Non-governmental organisations European Union OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS

Building peace and stability Crisis management operations and missions Afghanistan Kosovo Iraq Darfur (Sudan) previous Balkan operations Civil emergency planning Refugee crises forest fires floods earthquakes, etc. OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

Crisis management operations ARTICLE 5 Assistance to United States - 2001 NON-ARTICLE 5 e.g., NATO operations in the Balkans ASSISTANCE TO PARTNERS e.g., the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia* * Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY

Civil Emergency Planning Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Capability Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Capability Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Center – NATO HQ Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Center – NATO HQ 2. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit A deployable unit 2. Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit A deployable unit OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY

Combating new threats Action against terrorism Developing military capabilities smaller, more flexible & mobile forces Action against terrorism Operation Active Endeavour, Operation Eagle Assist etc. Fighting spread of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO?

Developing military capabilities Prague Capabilities Commitment (2002) Defence Capabilities Initiative (1999) NATO Response Force (NRF) Reforming the military command structure Reform of the defence planning process Allied Ground Surveillance planning process Missile defence OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS

Fighting terrorism International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) Operation Active Endeavour Military concept for defence against terrorism Partnership Action Plan against terrorism Terrorist Threat Intelligence Unit Operation Eagle Assist (2001-2002) AWACS surveillance missions OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS

Weapons of mass destruction Weapons of Mass Destruction Initiative (1999 Washington Summit) Weapons of Mass Destruction Centre (located at NATO HQ since 2000) NATO multinational Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) defence Battalion (2004) OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS

How does NATO work? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. z 1. Consensus decision-making 2. Civil and military structure 3. Delegations 4. Main bodies 5. NATO Secretary General 6. International Staff 7. International Military Staff 8. Military command structure 9. Agencies 10. Paying for NATO OVERVIEW

Consensus decision-making An inter- governmental organisation where decisions are taken jointly by each member country Principle of consensus applied at every committee level OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

Civil and military structure National Authorities Permanent Representatives (Ambassadors to NATO) Military Representatives to NATO Defence Planning Committee (DPC) North Atlantic Council (NAC) Nuclear Planning Group (NPG) Military Committee (MC) Committees subordinate to the Council, DPC and NPG Secretary General International Military Staff Strategic Commands International Staff Allied Command Operations Allied Command Transformation Integrated Military Command Structure OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

Delegations A national delegation per member country NATO HQ, Brussels Status of an Embassy Headed by an Ambassador or   Permanent Representative  OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

Main bodies North Atlantic Council Defence Planning Committee Nuclear Planning Group Military Committee OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

NATO Secretary General Chairman of NATO’s senior committees and decision facilitator Spokesman Head of International Staff OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

International Staff Advisory and administrative body Supports work of Delegations Divided into divisions Staffed by nationals from member countries OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

International Staff Secretary General OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? Deputy Secretary Senior Resource Board Civil & Military Budget Committees International Board of Auditors NATO Office of Security Executive Management Division Office of the Financial Controller Council Secretariat Political Affairs and Security Policy Division Operations Division Defence Policy and Planning Division Public Diplomacy Division Defence Investment Division OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

International Military Staff Intelligence Division Operations Plans & Policy Cooperation & Regional Security Logistics Armaments & Resources NHQC3S* Financial Controller Legal Officer Support Activities Personnel Public Information Advisor Director (DIMS) Executive Coordinator SITCEN Intelligence Division Operations Plans & Policy Cooperation & Regional Security Logistics Armaments & Resources NHQC3S* Financial Controller Legal Officer Support Activities Personnel Public Information Advisor Director (DIMS) Executive Coordinator SITCEN *The NATO HQ Consultation, Command & Control (3C) Staff OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

Military command structure Developing military capabilities Allied Command Operations (ACO) NATO OPERATIONS Allied Command Transformation (ACT) ALLIANCE TRANSFORMATION OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

Allied Command Operations (ACO) CC-Air HQ Ramstein Germany CC-Land HQ Heidelberg Izmir Turkey CC-Mar HQ Naples Italy Madrid Spain CAOC-1 Uedem DCAOC CAOC-2 Finderup Denmark CAOC-3 P.Renatico CAOC-4 Larissa Greece JFC HQ Brunssum The Netherlands Joint HQ Lisbon Portugal JFC HQ Naples ACO SHAPE Mons, Belgium Northwood UK CC-Air HQ Ramstein Germany CC-Land HQ Heidelberg Izmir Turkey CC-Mar HQ Naples Italy Madrid Spain CAOC-1 Uedem DCAOC CAOC-2 Finderup Denmark CAOC-3 P.Renatico CAOC-4 Larissa Greece JFC HQ Brunssum The Netherlands Joint HQ Lisbon Portugal JFC HQ Naples Northwood UK Commander USEUCOM Dual- hatted OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MILIT. COMMAND STRUCTURE

Allied Command Transformation (ACT) Norfolk, USA USJFCOM Strategic Concepts Policy & Requirements Identification Joint Concept Development Future Capabilities Research & Technology Education & Training Multi/ National Centres of Excellence NATO Agencies/ Bodies ACT Staff Element Mons, Belgium Joint Warfare Centre Stavanger, Norway Undersea Research Centre La Spezia, Italy NATO Defense College Rome, Italy Capabilities Planning & Implementation Joint Force Training Centre Bydgoszcz, Poland NATO School Oberammergau, Germany Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre Monsanto, Portugal NATO Communications & Information System School Latina, Italy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NATO Maritime Interdiction Operational Training Centre Souda Bay, Greece OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MILIT. COMMAND STRUCTURE

Reform of the military command structure STRATEGIC LEVEL - from geographical to functional division of responsibilities OPERATIONAL LEVEL - from seven to five HQ TACTICAL OR COMPONENT - from 13 to six HQ Three tiers command: OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MILIT. COMMAND STRUCTURE

Agencies Production and logistics Standardisation Communications Research Other agencies and organisations Project offices OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

Paying for NATO Indirect contributions Direct contributions principle of common funding Direct contributions Indirect contributions - Civil budget - Military budget - NATO’s Security Investment programme OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK?

The Alliance’s Strategic Concept  tra Official document outlining - purpose & tasks of the Alliance - strategic perspectives - Alliance approach to security in 21st century - guidelines for Alliance forces Official document outlining: - purpose & tasks of the Alliance - strategic perspectives - Alliance approach to security in 21st century - guidelines for Alliance forces First published in 1991 & revised in 1999 First published in 1991 & revised in 1999 OVERVIEW WHAT IS NATO? A BROAD DEFINITION OF SECURITY

Practical cooperation  tra Defence reform Defence reform Demining Demining Modernisation of armed forces Modernisation of armed forces Flood prevention Modernisation of armed forces Water management Modernisation of armed forces Etc. Modernisation of armed forces OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP

Planning & Review Process  tra Identifies & evaluates forces & capabilities for multinational training exercises operations … conducted with NATO forces Identifies & evaluates forces & capabilities for multinational training exercises operations … conducted with NATO forces OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP

Individual Partnership Programmes  tra Two-year programmes Defence reform Activities drawn from Partnership Work Programme Activities drawn from Partnership Work Programme Activities - defence policy & planning - civil-military relations - education & training - air defence - communications & information systems - crisis management - civil emergency planning, etc. Activities: - defence policy & planning - civil-military relations - education & training - air defence - communications & information systems - crisis management - civil emergency planning… OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP

Individual Partnership Action Plans  tra Opportunity for deeper bilateral relations with NATO Specific advice on defence & security Assistance with domestic reforms Consultations on sensitive issues Opportunity for deeper bilateral relations with NATO Specific advice on defence & security Assistance with domestic reforms Consultations on sensitive issues Two-year plans Two-year plans Launched at Prague Summit Nov. 2002 Launched at Prague Summit – Nov. 2002 So far, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Uzbekistan So far, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP

Partnership Action Plan Against Terrorism  tra Framework for NATO-Partner cooperation on terrorism - improved intelligence-sharing - cooperation in border security - training & exercises - development of capabilities - supports destruction of surplus - - munitions & small arms & light weapons Framework for NATO-Partner cooperation on terrorism - improved intelligence-sharing - cooperation in border security - training & exercises - development of capabilities - supports destruction of surplus munitions & small arms & light weapons Defines partnership roles + instruments to fight terrorism Launched at Prague Summit – Nov. 2002 Launched at Prague Summit November 2002 So far, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP

Partnership for Peace Trust Funds  tra Voluntary projects led by a NATO & Partner country Voluntary projects led by a NATO & Partner country Assist in safe destruction of: - stock-piled anti-personnel mines - other stock-piled munitions Assist in safe destruction of: - stock-piled anti-personnel mines - other stock-piled munitions Albania, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine … Modernisation of armed forces Established in 2000 Modernisation of armed forces OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP

Partnership Action Plan on Defence Institution Building  tra Help implement reform & restructuring of defence institutions to meet domestic & international needs - define common objectives - exchange information - help tailor bilateral defence assistance - - programmes Help implement reform & restructuring of defence institutions to meet domestic & international needs - define common objectives - exchange information - help tailor bilateral defence assistance - - programmes Objectives include - democratic control of defence activities - civilian participation in developing security policy - transparent oversight of defence sector, etc Objectives include - democratic control of defence activities - civilian participation in developing security policy - transparent oversight of defence sector etc Launched at Istanbul Summit June 2004 Launched at Istanbul Summit June 2004 Launched at Istanbul Summit June 2004 OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP

 NATO-Russia Council NATO at 27 – equal partners Defence reform tra NATO at 27 – equal partners Defence reform Consultation on - struggle against terrorism - crisis management - non-proliferation - arms control & confidence-building measures - theatre missile defence - search & rescue at sea - military-to-military cooperation & defence reform - civil emergencies - new threats & challenges Consultation on: - struggle against terrorism - crisis management - non-proliferation - arms control & confidence-building measures - theatre missile defence - search & rescue at sea - military-to-military cooperation & defence reform - civil emergencies - new threats & challenges Launched at Istanbul Summit June 2004 Launched at Rome Summit May 2002 OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS NATO-RUSSIA

NATO-Russia Founding Act  tra The Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation & Security between NATO and the Russian Federation (1997) - « NATO and Russia do not consider - each other as adversaries » - wide agenda of topics for cooperation - establishes the NATO-Russia - Permanent Joint Council The Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation & Security between NATO and the Russian Federation (1997) - « NATO and Russia do not consider each - other as adversaries” - wide agenda of topics for cooperation - establishes the NATO-Russia Permanent - Joint Council OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS NATO-RUSSIA

NATO-Russia practical cooperation  tra Cooperation on - struggle against terrorism - crisis management - non-proliferation - arms control & confidence-building measures - theatre missile defence - search & rescue at sea - military-to-military cooperation & defence reform - civil emergencies - new threats & challenges Cooperation on: - struggle against terrorism - crisis management - non-proliferation - arms control & confidence-building measures - theatre missile defence - search & rescue at sea - military-to-military cooperation & defence reform - civil emergencies - new threats & challenges OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS NATO-RUSSIA

NATO-Ukraine Commission  tra Discusses issues of common interest Defence reform Adopts NATO-Ukraine Action Plans Demining Established by the « NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997) Established by the « NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997) OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS NATO-UKRAINE

 NATO-Ukraine Charter tra « NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997) « NATO-Ukraine Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and Ukraine » (1997) Reaffirms NATO support for Ukrainian sovereignty – independence territorial integrity – democratic development economic prosperity status as a non-nuclear weapons state Reaffirms NATO support for Ukrainian sovereignty – independence territorial integrity – democratic development economic prosperity status as a non-nuclear weapons state OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS NATO-UKRAINE

NATO-Ukraine practical cooperation  tra Defence reform Civil-military relations Civil emergency planning Peacekeeping Military exercises Science etc. Defence reform Civil-military relations Civil emergency planning Peace-keeping Military exercises Science … OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS NATO-UKRAINE

 NATO-EU relations 1994: European Security & Defence Identity tra 1994: European Security & Defence Identity 1994: Combined Joint Task Force concept 2001: beginning institutionalised relations 2003: Berlin Plus Package  basis for practical cooperation in crisis management 1994: European Security & Defence Identity 1994: Combined Joint Task Force concept 2001: beginning institutionalised relations 2003: Berlin Plus Package  basis for practical cooperation in crisis management OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS OTHERS

NATO in Afghanistan  tra International Security Assistance Force ISAF – NATO-led since Aug. 2003 Establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate Provincial Reconstruction Teams PRTs – late 2003 Provide security for aid workers – help reconstruction work in provinces International Security Assistance Force ISAF Establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate Provincial Reconstruction Teams PRTs Provide security for aid workers – help reconstruction work in provinces OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY

 NATO in Kosovo NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force tra NATO-led multinational peacekeeping force KFOR - June 1999 UN Security Council Resolution 1244 June 1999 NATO air campaign against Serb forces Operation Allied Force 24 March – 10 June 1999 International Security Assistance Force ISAF Establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate Provincial Reconstruction Teams PRTs Provide security for aid workers – help reconstruction work in provinces OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY

 NATO in Iraq NATO TRAINING MISSION – IRAQ trains personnel from Iraqi security forces & coordinates offers of equipment and training from individual NATO and partner Countries - 2004 NATO TRAINING MISSION – IRAQ trains personnel from Iraqi security forces & coordinates offers of equipment and training from individual NATO and partner Countries OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY

NATO in Darfur  tra Logistical support provided to African Union Mission in Sudan June 2005 Members agree to support the expansion of the African Union Mission in Sudan by providing: - strategic airlift - training Logistical support provided to African Union Mission in Sudan June 2005: Members agree to support the expansion of the African Union Mission in Sudan by providing: - strategic airlift - training OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY

Previous Balkan operations  tra NATO-led implementation force IFOR (1995) – UNSCR 1031 NATO-led stabilisation force SFOR (1996-2004) – UNSCR 1088 Succeeded by EU-led Operation Althea - December 2004 International Security Assistance Force ISAF Establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate Provincial Reconstruction Teams PRTs Provide security for aid workers – help reconstruction work in provinces OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY

Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre  tra Role Coordinate responses to disasters, in consultation with UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Focal point for information sharing Maintain liaison with UN-OCHA, EU & other organisations Origins: established in 1998 on initiative of Russia International Security Assistance Force ISAF Establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate Provincial Reconstruction Teams PRTs Provide security for aid workers – help reconstruction work in provinces OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY CEP

Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Unit  tra Non-standing, multinational mix of national civil & military elements volunteered by members & partners Deployed in case of major natural or technological disaster Size & composition determined by each particular disaster OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PEACE & STABILITY CEP

Prague Capabilities Commitment  tra Improve capabilities in 400+ areas covering eight fields - Chemical, biological, radiological & nuclear - defence - intelligence, surveillance & target acquisition - air-to-ground surveillance - command, control & communications - combat effectiveness - strategic air & sea lift - air-to-air refuelling - deployable combat support & combat - service support units Improve capabilities in 400+ areas covering eight fields: - Chemical, biological, radiological & nuclear - defence - intelligence, surveillance & target acquisition - air-to-ground surveillance - command, control & communications - combat effectiveness - strategic air & sea lift - air-to-air refuelling - deployable combat support & combat - service support units OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS CAPABILITIES

NATO Response Force (NRF)  tra Multinational joint force held at high-readiness Deployable after five days’ notice & sustainable for 30 days & more if re-supplied Article 5 & non-Article 5 missions OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS CAPABILITIES

Military command structure - Reform  tra Three tiers command: - strategic level: change from geographical to functional division of responsibilities - operational level: from seven to five HQ - tactical or component: from 13 to six HQ OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS CAPABILITIES

Reform of the defence planning process  Aim: to be more flexible, responsive & coordinated Defence planning process - definition: an instrument to ensure that members generate the necessary capabilities to fulfil NATO missions tra OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS CAPABILITIES

Allied Ground Surveillance  tra Airborne, stand-off ground surveillance system (AGS) Multinational cooperative effort Detect & track vehicles moving on or near the ground Development study with Transatlantic Industrial Proposed Solution (TIPS) Airborne, stand-off ground surveillance system (AGS) Multinational cooperative effort Detect & track vehicles moving on or near the ground Development study with Transatlantic Industrial Proposed Solution (TIPS) OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS CAPABILITIES

Missile defence  tra Programme launched for an Alliance Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) system Protect troops or territory against short & medium-range ballistic & cruise missiles, aircraft, UAVs & other threats Multi-layered system of low & high altitude defence battle management command & control, early warning radar, various interceptors, etc OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS CAPABILITIES

International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)  tra Help establish secure environment in Kabul & provinces under UN mandate Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs)  Provide security for aid workers Reconstruction work in provinces Operate parts of Kabul International Airport OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS TERRORISM

Operation Active Endeavour  tra Maritime operation launched October 2001 Patrol & monitor Eastern Mediterranean Since March 2003, escort merchant shipping through Straits of Gibraltar Since March 2004, extended to whole Mediterranean Maritime operation launched October 2001 Patrol & monitor Eastern Mediterranean Since March 2003, escort merchant shipping through Straits of Gibraltar Since March 2004, extended to whole Mediterranean OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS TERRORISM

Military concept for defence against terrorism  Underlines NATO’s readiness to: - act against terrorist attacks - provide assistance in dealing with consequences of attacks - support EU & other international organisations or coalitions - deploy forces as & where required to carry out such missions tra OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS TERRORISM

Partnership Action Plan Against Terrorism  tra Framework for NATO-Partner cooperation on terrorism - improved intelligence-sharing - cooperation in border security - training & exercises - development of capabilities - supports destruction of surplus - - munitions & small arms & light weapons Framework for NATO-Partner cooperation on terrorism - improved intelligence-sharing - cooperation in border security - training & exercises - development of capabilities - supports destruction of surplus munitions & small arms & light weapons Defines partnership roles + instruments to fight terrorism Launched at Prague Summit – Nov. 2002 Launched at Prague Summit November 2002 So far, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? PARTNERSHIPS PFP OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS TERRORISM

Terrorist Threat Intelligence Unit  tra Analyses general terrorist threats & those more specifically aimed at NATO Successor to Temporary Terrorist Threat Cell created after 9/11 – permanent since end 2003 OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS TERRORISM

Operation Eagle Assist AWACS help protect US homeland after 9/11 Approx. 4300 hours over 360 operational sorties Mid-October 2001 to mid-May 2002  tra OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS TERRORISM

AWACS surveillance missions  Commonly owned airborne surveillance, warning & command capability Broad range of missions (air surveillance, support & reconnaissance …) Asset for crisis management operations Support for major public events Olympic Games Euro 2004 Summit meeting of other international organisations, etc. tra Support for major public events - Olympic Games - Euro 2004 - Royal Wedding of Crown Prince Felipe - Summit meetings of other international - organisations etc. Commonly owned airborne surveillance, warning & command capability Conduct broad range of missions (air surveillance, air support & reconnaissance …) Asset for crisis management operations OVERVIEW WHAT DOES NATO DO? NEW THREATS TERRORISM

North Atlantic Council  tra Key political decision-making body Forum to discuss policy and operational questions Chaired by Secretary General Meets at different levels Established by Article 9 Washington Treaty Authority to set up subsidiary bodies Key political decision making body Forum to discuss policy and operational questions Chaired by Secretary General Meets at different levels Established by Article 9 Washington Treaty Authority to set up subsidiary bodies OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MAIN BODIES

Defence Planning Committee  tra Ultimate authority with regard to integrated military structure Provides guidance to NATO’s military authorities Oversees force planning process All members except for France Chaired by NATO Secretary General Meets at all levels Ultimate authority with regard to integrated military structure Provides guidance to NATO’s military authorities Oversees force planning process All members except for France Chaired by NATO Secretary General Meets at all levels OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MAIN BODIES

Nuclear Planning Group  tra Ultimate authority with regard to nuclear policy issues Reviews the Alliance’s nuclear policy in the light of changing security environment All members except for France Chaired by NATO Secretary General Meets at different levels Ultimate authority with regard to nuclear policy issues Reviews the Alliance’s nuclear policy in the light of changing security environment All members except for France Chaired by NATO Secretary General Meets at different levels OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MAIN BODIES

 Military Committee Senior military advisory authority tra Senior military advisory authority Under authority of NAC, DPC & NPG Provides guidance to two strategic commanders Meets at different levels Chairman selected by Chiefs of Staff for three-year term Ultimate authority with regard to nuclear policy issues Reviews the Alliance’s nuclear policy in the light of changing security environment All members except for France Chaired by NATO Secretary General Meets at different levels OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? MAIN BODIES

 Civil budget Operating costs of the International Staff tra Operating costs of the International Staff Civilian programmes Running costs of HQ facilities conference services meetings of NATO committees security services Operating costs of the International Staff Civilian programmes Running costs of HQ facilities conference services meetings of NATO committees security services OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? PAYING FOR NATO

Military budget  tra Operating & maintenance costs of the international military structure - Military Committee - International Military Staff - Agencies - Two strategic commands & associated command, control & information systems - Research & development agencies - NATO Airborne Early Warning & Control Force - Operating costs of NATO peacekeeping command structures Operating & maintenance costs of the international military structure - Military Committee - International Military Staff - Agencies - Two strategic commands & associated command, control & information systems - Research & development agencies - NATO Airborne Early Warning & Control Force - Operating costs of NATO peacekeeping command structures OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? PAYING FOR NATO

NATO’s Security Investment Programme  Major construction & system investments that exceed national defence requirements of individual member countries - communications & information systems - radar - military HQ - airfields - fuel pipelines & storage - harbours, etc. tra Major construction & system investments that exceed national defence requirements of individual member countries - communications & information systems - radar - military HQ - airfields - fuel pipelines & storage - harbours etc OVERVIEW HOW DOES NATO WORK? PAYING FOR NATO