Measures of Working Memory Memory The term memory is typically used to describe our ability to accurately recount experiences which occurred to us in.

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Presentation transcript:

Measures of Working Memory

Memory The term memory is typically used to describe our ability to accurately recount experiences which occurred to us in the past. Animals, however, cannot recount their memories no matter how vivid and accurate they may experience them. To study memory in animals the experimenter must look for evidence that the current behavior can be predicted by earlier experiences provided to them.

Working Memory Memories that are useful for a short period of time, and are then forgotten because they are no longer useful are referred to as working memory or short-term memory. Evidence of working memory in animals and humans can be obtained if current behavior can be predicted by exposure to an event in the very recent past (e.g., seconds to a few minutes). The delayed matching to sample task is such a procedure. The demonstration that follows shows the procedure as it would be done with birds.. Study it carefully and then describe the procedure in a well- written paragraph.

First, the animals are trained on a Matching-to-Sample procedure. Two example Trials Follow

Matching to Sample Bird Pecks Pecking is Reinforced Pecking is not Reinforced Trial 1

Matching to Sample Bird Pecks Pecking is not Reinforced Pecking is Reinforced Trial 2

Next, they are switched to a delayed matching-to- sample procedure. Two example Trials follow.

Delayed Matching to Sample Pecking is Reinforced Pecking is not Reinforced Trial 1 Bird Pecks

Delayed Matching to Sample Pecking is not Reinforced Pecking is Reinforced Trial 2 Bird Pecks

Another Test of Working Memory The demonstration that follows shows another related procedure more commonly used to study working memory in monkeys. When given a choice between a familiar object and a novel, unfamiliar object some animals prefer to choose the novel object. This natural behavioral tendency leads to a problem when using a matching to sample task. Do you see the potential problem? Another task that takes advantage of animal’s preference for novel objects is the delayed non-matching to sample task (also known as the oddity discrimination task).

First, the animals are trained on a Non-Matching-to- Sample procedure. Two example Trials Follow

Non Matching to Sample ( Oddity Discrimination) Bird Pecks Pecking is not Reinforced Pecking is Reinforced Trial 1

Non-Matching to Sample ( Oddity Discrimination) Bird Pecks Pecking is Reinforced Pecking is not Reinforced Trial 2

Next, they are switched to a delayed non- matching-to-sample procedure. Two example Trials follow.

Delayed Non-Matching to Sample Pecking is not Reinforced Pecking is Reinforced Trial 1 Bird Pecks

Delayed Non-Matching to Sample Pecking is Reinforced Pecking is not Reinforced Trial 2 Bird Pecks