RSS Centre for Statistical Education Improving Statistical Literacy in School and Society: The UK Experience Peter Holmes RSS Centre for Statistical Education, Nottingham, England

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Background n 40 years in UK Schools n Initially for age 16 to 18 academic students n Later for all ages 7 to 18 and all abilities

RSS Centre for Statistical Education The Initial Introduction n Part of a specialist mathematics course n An alternative to theoretical mechanics n Suitable for students of biology, geography & economics n Content classical mathematical statistics - probability, distributions, hypothesis testing, correlation & regression

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Two Trends n Disappointment with the course for year olds n Rise of modern mathematics in secondary schools

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Disappointment n Emphasised mathematics rather than statistics n Did not develop practical skills n Was not as much use to other subject areas as hoped

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Into the Main School n Education for everyone (Half our Future) n Emphasis on numeracy - using number in practice n Simple probability and statistical representation in secondary schools n Collecting and interpreting data in primary schools

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Schools Council Project on Statistical Education n RSS initiative n 6 year programme costing then £250k (say 1.6 million Euros today) n What is statistics? Why teach it? Who and how teach it? n Develop teaching materials

RSS Centre for Statistical Education What is Statistics? n What statisticians do!! n Statistics is a practical subject devoted to obtaining and processing data with a view to making statements which often extend beyond the data. These statements are called inferences.

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Why Teach Statistics to All? n Statistics is an integral part of our culture n Statistical thinking is an essential part of numeracy n Exposure to real data can aid personal development and decision making n Statistical ideas are widely used at work after school n Early exposure can give sound intuition, later formalised

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Who and how? - Two Distracting Reasons n Statistics is an essential part of present day mathematics n Statistics is useful to many other parts of the school curriculum

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Two Global Aims - n The role of statistics in society - the many and various fields in which statistical ideas are used n The nature of statistical thinking - the power and limitations of statistical thought Pupils should become aware of and appreciate

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Mathematics Counts - The Cockcroft report n Government enquiry into teaching of mathematics (early 1980’s) n Influential in later developments n Evidence given by RSS n Major references to statistics - especially §§775 & 781

RSS Centre for Statistical Education §775 n Statistics is not just a set of techniques, it is an attitude of mind in approaching data. In particular it acknowledges the fact of uncertainty and variability in data collection. It enables people to make decisions in the face of this uncertainty.

RSS Centre for Statistical Education §781 n Statistical numeracy requires a feel for numbers, an appreciation of levels of accuracy, the making of sensible estimates, a common sense approach to data in supporting an argument, the awareness of the variety of interpretation of figures and a judicious understanding of widely used concepts such as mean and percentages. All these are part of everyday living.

RSS Centre for Statistical Education The First National Curriculum in Mathematics n Mid ‘80s n For all ages 5 to 16 n Reflected Cockcroft n About 25% on data handling, little probability n Flawed by assessment

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Current Proposals for the National Curriculum n RSS involvement n Slightly less statistics n More practical and investigational in approach n Based an investigational cycle

RSS Centre for Statistical Education The Cycle Specify the Problem Interpret & Discuss Process & Represent Collect Data Plan

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Content linked to the Cycle n Pupils should be taught to carry out every aspect of the Handling Data Cycle n Communicate mathematically using diagrams linked to related explanatory text n Make decisions about problem solving strategies to use in their statistical work

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Links to Use in Society n Through problems and investigations gain insight into how statistics are used in real life to make informed decisions n Pupils should be introduced to important uses of statistics in society n Interpret statistics from society, including index numbers (General Index of Retail Prices); time series (population growth) and survey data (National Census)

RSS Centre for Statistical Education RSS Outreach to General Public n Educational n Response to Government Consultation Papers n Public lectures and meetings n Media contacts

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Educational n Associate School Programme n Workshops for teachers n Local Meetings n Representation on Working Parties and Development Groups n Support for the RSS Centre for Statistical Education

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Response to Government Initiatives n New Centres for teaching and learning n Institute for learning and teaching n Environment and Pollution n Official Statistics

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Public Lectures and Meetings n The Beveridge lecture on social issues n Unemployment measures

RSS Centre for Statistical Education Media Contacts n There is a list of members who can be called on by the Press and other media for informed statistical comment on any major issue of the day.

RSS Centre for Statistical Education And the Work Continues