Review North America group assignment Video Power Point Poster assignment Agenda

North American Defence System Assignment in their group– ‘North American Defence Systems’: For this assignment, one blank map of North America will be given to each table. Each table is responsible for filling in the following: The three radar systems Two Canadian airbases (mentioned in the textbook) Two NORAD Headquarters locations Please include name of all participants. North American Defence System

Canada as a Middle Power Throughout today’s lesson, please take notes down notes of the following points as they help to define key aspects for Canada’s role as a Middle power Social Politics Economy Religion Military Evidence Canada as a middle Power Canada as a Middle Power

Trudeau and Canada’s Foreign Policy Social Studies 11

Fidel Castro and Pierre Trudeau www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eueO LhynoM Fidel Castro and Pierre Trudeau

Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era In 1968, Pierre Elliot Trudeau was elected Prime Minister He was immensely popular with voters young and old – “Trudeaumania” Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era

Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era In 1970, Canada officially recognized the Chinese communist government. This hurt US-Canadian relations – ironically, Nixon visited China in 1972. Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era

Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era Trudeau greatly bolstered Canada’s national identity – internationally and nationally. Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era

Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era “Living next to you [United States] is in some ways like sleeping with an elephant. No matter how friendly and even tempered is the beast, one is affected by every twitch and grunt” (pg. 147) Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era

“Living next to you [United States] is in some ways like sleeping with an elephant. No matter how friendly and even tempered is the beast, one is affected by every twitch and grunt” (pg. 147) Pierre Trudeau What is he suggesting about the US? What does he means? How does that influence Canadian politics? Pierre Trudeau

Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era Trudeau managed to reduced the Canadian armed forces stationed in Europe- Under NATO Canada’s participation in the nuclear arms race was reduced Last nuclear missile removed in 1984 Also, our national defence budget & military involvement in Europe was halved Yet, we still stayed in NATO and NORAD – how come? How a country can promote peace – but still part of this military system. Ww2 military was needed? Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era

Canada as a ‘Middle Power’ After World War II, major European powers decolonized many nation-states in Asia and Africa Many new nations left in socio-economic turmoil – e.g. Vietnam, Algeria decolonized ? What happens to a country when their economy is fail – germany after ww1 Canada as a ‘Middle Power’

Canada as a ‘Middle Power’ Trudeau saw opportunity in helping to bridge the North – South gap. Canada became a middle power – less interested in political influence; focus on economic and financial aid Believed that the rich North should help build the poor South Canada as a ‘Middle Power’

Canada as a ‘Middle Power’ In aiding the South, Canada made new trade partners/investments – trade and aid Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) – offers aid to developing nations; in turn, the nations buy products manufactured in Canada. Canada as a ‘Middle Power’

Canada as a ‘Middle Power’ Canada’s membership in two groups – the Commonwealth and La Francophonie – boosted our position as a middle power. Colombo Plan – provided aid to less developed countries in the organization – e.g. India. Canada as a ‘Middle Power’

Tensions had been reduced between the US and the Soviet Union by the 1970s. SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) in 1972 – lessened the arms race/build up of nuclear arsenals By the late 1970s, tensions were renewed – would build up until 1984 Cold War-Part 2

1973 Oil Crisis – Arab nations held an oil embargo against the US OAPEC started the embargo in response to American involvement in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Six days after Egypt and Syria launched a surprise military campaign against Israel to regain territories lost in the June 1967 Six-Day War, the US supplied Israel with arms. In response to this, OAPEC announced an oil embargo against Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the US.[3] Who controls oil? Prices? Still an issue who has the control Cold War-Part 2

The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 – lasted for 10 years The US and Soviets were also backing several extremist regimes in South America – Nicaragua and Grenada – each side trying to gain political influence Cold War-Part 2

In 1980, in Gdansk, Poland, a union workers strike led to a Solidarity movement. Trudeau, tired of politics, would leave his position as Prime Minister in 1984. Cold War-Part 2