What is an ore? Why do we have to use chemical reactions to extract most metals? What is the name given to the group of metals in the centre of the periodic table? What is meant by reduction? What is an alloy? What does it mean if a metal is found native? Give an example. C1.3 Metals and their uses Write word and symbol equations for the reduction of iron oxide. Why are aluminum and titanium expensive to extract? . Give two problems with the extraction of copper. Give two reasons for recycling metals Why must compounds be molten for electrolysis to work? Why is iron from the blast furnace limited in terms of usefulness? Name two novel methods of extracting copper and describe each. What is electrolysis? Why can’t aluminium be extracted by reduction with carbon? What element is used to reduce metal oxides? Explain why copper can be extracted using scrap iron. Why are metals such as copper and gold normally made into alloys? What properties of copper make it useful for: Piping? Electrical wiring? Draw a labeled diagram to show the structure of steel. Give a property of Low carbon steels: High carbon steels: Stainless steels: What two things are metals good at conducting? What properties of aluminium and titanium make them useful? Why is electrolysis so expensive?

What is an ore? A naturally occurring rock that contains enough metal to make it economic to extract. Why do we have to use chemical reactions to extract most metals? They are reactive so are found in the crust as compounds. What is the name given to the group of metals in the centre of the periodic table? Transition metals What is meant by reduction? The removal of oxygen What is an alloy? Mixture of a metal with other elements What does it mean if a metal is found native? Give an example. Metal found as it’s element e.g Gold C1.3 Metals and their uses Write word and symbol equations for the reduction of iron oxide. Iron + Carbon Iron + Carbon oxide dioxide 2Fe2O3 +3 C 4Fe + 3 CO2 Why are aluminum and titanium expensive to extract? there are many stages in the processes large amounts of energy are needed. Give two problems with the extraction of copper. Copper rich ores are becoming scarce Mining and extraction cause major environmental problems Give two reasons for recycling metals Extracting them uses up limited resources Extraction requires large amounts of energy Extraction is harmful for the environment Why must compounds be molten for electrolysis to work? So the positive metal ions are free to move to the negative electrode Why is iron from the blast furnace limited in terms of usefulness? It contains about 4% carbon so is brittle Name two novel methods of extracting copper and describe each. Phytomining - plants absorb the metal compounds; plants then burned to produce ash to release metal compounds Bioleaching – uses bacteria to produce a leachate from which metal can be extracted What is electrolysis? Using electricity to remove a metal from its ore. Why can’t aluminium be extracted by reduction with carbon? Aluminium is more reactive than carbon What element is used to reduce metal oxides? Carbon Explain why copper can be extracted using scrap iron. Iron is more reactive than copper so displaces it from its salt. Why are metals such as copper and gold normally made into alloys? They are too soft to use in their pure form What properties of copper make it useful for: Piping? Resistant too corrosion; hard but easy to shape Electrical wiring? Ductile; good conductor of electricity Draw a labeled diagram to show the structure of steel. Give a property of Low carbon steels: malleable High carbon steels: hard Stainless steels: resistant to corrosion carbon iron What two things are metals good at conducting? Heat Electricity What properties of aluminium and titanium make them useful? Low density Resistant to corrosion Why is electrolysis so expensive? It uses large amounts of energy