1. Recycling and construction Name four different metals State a use for each one. Explain why that metal is suitable for that particular use. For example: Gold - Used for jewellery – Doesn’t react with water. (You can’t count gold as one of your four) AQA C1 3.6 Metallic Issues

2. MetalWhere it is usedWhy it is used for this purpose?

3. Look at the types of metal used in the construction of this building (doors, walls, windows pipes, fittings). Look out the windows and see how metal is used in other buildings. Write down what you see in your books. You are going to consider why different metals are used for different purposes.

4. MetalWhere it is usedWhy it is used for this purpose?

5. Benefit of using metal Copper is a good electrical and thermal conductor and it is unreactive. Lead can be bent easily. Steel is very strong. Aluminium alloys are corrosion resistant and have low density.

6. Water pipes Structural support Flashing Electrical wires Window frames Reinforced concrete

7. What disadvantages are there of using iron and steel in buildings?

8. In this question you will be judged on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. Iron is used for making steel, copper and aluminium are made from substances found in the Earth’s crust. These metals are made into many useful items. When no longer needed these items are thrown away or recycled. Give a use for each metal and explain why it is important to recycle waste metal rather than throw it away. (6 marks) Task 1: Read through each of the metal information sheets. Task 2: Highlight at least two economic and environmental reasons why metal should be recycled. (Must be different reasons for each metal) Task 3: Use these reasons to write an answer to the question.

9. 5-6 marks (A*-A) Detailed answer giving examples of all three types of metal. Gives an economic and environmental reason for recycling each metal. It is well written with no spelling mistakes. Uses scientific keywords 3-4 marks (C-B) Good answer giving a description of at least two types of metal. Gives an economic and environmental reason for recycling each metal. It is well written with very few spelling mistakes. 1-2 (D-E) Brief answer of one type of metal. Gives an economic or an environmental reason for recycling each metal. Spelling, punctuation and grammar are very weak.

10. Steel Steel is produced from iron ore. Iron is plentiful but it usually comes as compounds of iron and oxygen, or sometimes carbon or sulphur. The ore is reacted with carbon in a blast furnace to produce iron. This is then alloyed with carbon to produce steel. We produce 11 million tonnes of scrap iron and steel. About 70% of this scrap is recovered and recycled. Most of the rest is sent to landfill. Each household uses approximately 600 steel cans per year. All steel cans are 100% recyclable. All steel cans contain up to 25% recycled steel. Recycling one tone of steels cans saves 1.5 tonnes of iron ore, 0.5 to coal & 40% water usage Recycling 1 tonne of scrap steel saves 80% of the CO 2 emissions produced when making steel from iron ore. Recycling 7 steel cans saves enough energy to power a 60W light bulb for 26 hours. Every tonne of steel packaging recycled saves 0.5 tonnes of coal, 40% of the water and 75% of the energy that was used in steel production.

11. Aluminium Aluminium is produced from bauxite, a clay-like ore that is rich in aluminium compounds. These are compounds of aluminium combined with oxygen. This aluminium oxide has to be stripped of its oxygen in order to free the aluminium using a process called electrolysis. This process is expensive and used a lot of electrical energy. Recycling aluminium saves 6Kg of bauxite, 4Kg of other chemicals used in extracting it and 14kWh of electricity. Recycling aluminium requires only 5% of the energy and produces only 5% of CO 2 emissions compared extracting it from bauxite. It also reduces the waste going to landfill. Aluminium can be recycled many times as the recycling does not damage it’s structure. Aluminium is the most cost effective material to recycle. A recycled aluminium can saves enough energy to run a television for three hours. If all the aluminium cans in the UK were recycled then there would be 14 million fewer dustbins per year.

12. Copper Copper ore is mined and extracted by heating it to very high temperatures it (a process called smelting) or by a process called electrolysis which uses a large amount of electrical energy. During mining and refining (purification) of copper, dust and waste gases such as sulphur dioxide are produced which have a harmful effect on the environment. With recycling very few harmful gases are produced. In order to extract copper from copper ore the electrical energy required is approximately 100GJ per tonne. Recycling copper uses much less energy, about 10GJ per tonne, that's only 10% of the electrical energy needed for extracting it from its ore. This energy saving means less CO 2 released into the atmosphere from production of electricity. Only 12% of the world’s copper resources have been mined and used, but one day it will run out. Recycling copper saves 90% on the cost of mining and extracting new copper. The helps keep the cost of copper products down.