1. C1a Rocks and Metals 2.2 Extracting Iron

2. Learning objectives Understand which metals can be extracted using carbon Understand which metals can be extracted using carbon Be able to describe how a blast furnace works Be able to describe how a blast furnace works

3. What do you understand? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I know nothing I am an expert How would you rate yourself when thinking about extraction of metals?

4. The Reactivity Series potassium sodium calcium magnesium aluminium zinc iron copper gold (carbon) Increasing reactivity Metals above carbon must be extracted using electrolysis. Metals below carbon can be extracted from the ore by reduction using carbon, coke, or charcoal. Gold and silver often do not need to be extracted. They occur native. The reactivity of a metal determines the method of extraction. lead silver

5. Iron age Iron – 2 nd most common metal in the Earth’s crust Iron – 2 nd most common metal in the Earth’s crust Found as haematite Found as haematite Iron (III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) Iron (III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) Sand Sand Can be obtained using a blast furnace Can be obtained using a blast furnace

7. Reduction of iron ore carbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide + carbon  carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide + iron oxide  iron + carbon dioxide

8. Removing impurities Calcium carbonate  calcium oxide + carbon dioxide Calcium oxide + silicon dioxide  calcium silicate This is called SLAG

9. Summary of the process Iron is not found naturally, but in Iron Ore Iron is not found naturally, but in Iron Ore We can extract iron form iron ore using a Blast Furnace We can extract iron form iron ore using a Blast Furnace Using chemistry we can produce pure iron Using chemistry we can produce pure iron Limestone (CaCO 3 ) is used to remove impurities Limestone (CaCO 3 ) is used to remove impurities Coke/Carbon gives us the high temperature we need for the reactions to take place Coke/Carbon gives us the high temperature we need for the reactions to take place

10. Learning outcomes Why can some metals be extracted using carbon when some can’t? Why can some metals be extracted using carbon when some can’t? What do we use to extract iron? What do we use to extract iron? How does a blast furnace work? How does a blast furnace work? What chemical reactions take place? What chemical reactions take place?

11. Extraction of Iron