14.2 Abstract Art Vocabulary Simultaneity: The technique of depicting objects from separate vantage points in one work of art. Biomorphic shape: Artistic stylization suggested by organic forms Assemblage: A work of art composed of fragments of objects or materials originally intended for other purposes.

Joseph Stella ( ) Brooklyn Bridge, 1920, oil on canvas, 84 x 76” Italian immigrant to the United States. He returned to Italy when the abstract Futurist art movement began.

Pablo Picasso ( ) This versatile, classically trained Spanish artist came to Paris in His early work, referred to as his “Blue Period” and “Rose Period,” depicted downtrodden people on the fringes of society. Later, under the influence of Cezanne’s use of shifting perspective, Picasso and his colleague, Georges Braque developed the Cubist visual style. Cubism was a major influence on 20th Century abstract art.

Pablo Picasso ( ) Spanish artist who came to Paris in His early work, referred to as his “Blue Period” and “Rose Period,” depicted downtrodden people on the fringes of society.

Pablo Picasso, Family of Saltimbanques, 1905, oil on canvas

Pablo Picasso ( ) Portrait of Gertrude Stein,1906 oil on canvas Picasso began to incorporate the influence of African mask sculpture in his own artwork.

Pablo Picasso ( ) Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon,1907 oil on canvas This radical picture marks Picasso’s invention of the Cubist style--which revolutionized traditional European painting.

Pablo Picasso ( ) Self-portrait, oil on canvas. Picasso and Georges Braque developed Cubism, an avant- garde style which moved art towards abstract, non- representational imagery.

Analytical Cubism was a radical step away from traditional representational art. Using geometric shapes, dark and light shades, and forceful lines, a new type of image was created. Picasso was most influential in his creation of a new way of depicting the human body, relying mostly on geometry and value to express form and space. Eventually the form dissolved in a maze of geometric shapes, and color was neutralized into a non- issue. Pablo Picasso, Woman Playing the Mandolin, oil on canvas, 1909

“The Guitar,” Pablo Picasso

Analytical Cubist painting by Pablo Picasso

Georges Braque Houses at L’estaque 1908 Analytic Cubism Developed jointly by Picasso and Braque, these artists analyzed the forms of their subjects from every possible vantage point and to combine the various views into one pictorial whole.

Paul Cezanne Gardanne Can you see the influence Cezanne had on Braque and Cubism in general?

Georges BraquePaul Cezanne

Georges Braque ( )

Georges Braque The Portuguese 1911

The Guitar, Pablo PicassoThe Portuguese. George Braques 1911

Georges Braque

Georges Braque ( )

Pablo Picasso Glass and Bottle of Suze 1912 Synthetic Cubism In this new phase, cubism no longer relied on a decipherable relation to the visible world. Paintings and drawings were constructed from objects and shapes cut from paper or other materials to represent parts of a subject.

Georges Braque ( )

Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians, oil on canvas, 1921

Pablo Picasso ( ) During his long career, Picasso went back and forth between representation al and abstract visual formats, often playfully combining the two ideas.

Pablo Picasso, Guernica, oil on canvas,1937

Juan Gris ( ) Spanish painter living in Paris

Juan Gris ( ) “Portrait of Picasso,” Oil on canvas

Juan Gris ( ) Spanish painter living in Paris

Marcel Duchamp ( ) Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912, oil on canvas, 58 x 35” This French artist presents not one image, but a series of movements, stopped in successive stages of action. The result is similar to stop-action or strobe- light photography. This Cubist painting was highly controversial when it was exhibited in the 1913 NYC Armory Show.

Futurism During the first decades of the twentieth century, avant-garde artists in Italy initiated Futurism. They were interested in the mechanized advancement of society and the destruction of all symbols of the past. The leader of this movement was Umberto Boccioni.

Umberto Bossioni, The Noise of the Street Penetrates the House, 1911, oil on canvas, 40 x 40”

Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913, bronze, 44” high Futurism ended when Boccioni was killed during World War I.

De Stijl This abstract painting movement was led by Dutch painter Piet Mondrian. Mondrian began as a realist, but gradually flattened his forms and reduced them to geometrical, linear patterns of primary colors. He eventually moved to New York City, and lived on 57th Street.

Piet Mondrian ( ) Oil on Canvas

Piet Mondrian ( ) Broadway Boogie-Woogie, Oil on Canvas

Piet Mondrian ( ) Oil on Canvas