Describing the States of Matter Based their shapes and volumes, Materials can be classified as: Solids Liquids Gases

Solid  Definite shape Definite volume. Describing the States of Matter Solid  Definite shape Definite volume. Most solids have orderly arrangement of particles at the atomic level. Difficult for particles to move past each other. Example: copper wire

Liquid  Definite volume No definite shape. Describing the States of Matter Liquid  Definite volume No definite shape. Takes the shape of its container Can pour from one container to another. Atoms easily slide past each other, but hard to get away from group Example: Mercury atoms are close, but more random than atoms in solid copper.

Gas  No definite shape No definite volume. Describing the States of Matter Gas  No definite shape No definite volume. Gas takes shape/volume of container. “Shape” of helium in a balloon is same as shape of the balloon itself. Volume of helium in a balloon is equal to volume of the balloon. Particles “fly” past each other, free to move until bump into something.

States of Matter Gas Liquid Solid

Solid Definite volume Definite shape

Liquid Definite volume NO definite shape

Gas NO definite volume NO definite shape

Charactaristics of Phase Changes Materials often undergo physical changes because of temperature and energy changes Example: freezing = liquid state  solid state Phase change: reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.

Charactaristics of Phase Changes Melting: solid  liquid Freezing: liquid  solid

Charactaristics of Phase Changes Vaporization: liquid  gas Condensation: gas  liquid

Charactaristics of Phase Changes Sublimation: solid  gas Deposition: gas  solid

Charactaristics of Phase Changes Diagram shows physical changes between solid, liquid, and gas phases. Each arrow shows a different phase change. All phase changes share certain characteristics related to energy and temperature.

Describing the States of Matter Other States of Matter PLASMA  atoms break into pieces Extremely high temperatures (e.g. inside stars), atoms cannot hang on to all their electrons ~99% of all the matter in the universe is in plasmas State that is not common on Earth Bose-Einstein condensate Extremely low temperatures (near –273°C) Groups of atoms behave as though they are a single particle.

Definite or Not? Shape Volume Solid Liquid Gas Assessment Questions #1 Definite or Not? Shape Volume Solid Liquid Gas

During a phase change, a substance undergoes a(n) Assessment Questions During a phase change, a substance undergoes a(n) reversible change from one state to another. irreversible change from one state to another. reversible change to a different substance. irreversible change to a different substance.

Assessment Questions What is the phase change in which a solid is converted directly to a liquid? melting sublimation condensation deposition

Assessment Questions What is the phase change in which a solid is converted directly to a gas? evaporation sublimation condensation deposition

Assessment Questions What is the phase change in which a gas is converted directly to a liquid? evaporation sublimation condensation deposition

Assessment Questions What is the phase change in which a gas is converted directly to a solid? evaporation sublimation condensation deposition

Assessment Questions What is the phase change in which a liquid is converted directly to a solid? evaporation freezing condensation deposition

Assessment Questions What is the phase change in which a liquid is converted directly to a gas? evaporation freezing condensation deposition