A Living Planet Chapter 2

Vocabulary (break into pairs and look up the definitions for each word) core mantle lava magma lithosphere seismograph

Vocabulary Richter Scale Ring of Fire epicenter mechanical weathering chemical weathering loess delta

Vocabulary hydrosphere continental shelf moraine continental drift lithosphere biosphere atmosphere

The Structure of the Earth Inside the Earth Core  center of made up of nickel and iron Mantle  surrounds the core; several layers; contains most of the earth’s mass Magma  molten rock found in the mantle Crust  thin layer of rock at earth’s surface; magma rises through the crust

The Structure of the Earth On and Above the Earth - atmosphere  layer of gases surrounding the earth; protects earth - lithosphere  solid rock portion of earth; includes crust and upper mantle - hydrosphere  bodies of water in the atmosphere as well as rain and precipitation - biosphere  where plants and animals live

The Structure of Earth Continental Drift The theory that earth was once a supercontinent that divided and slowly drifted apart over millions of years Called Pangea They drifted, crashed into each other and split apart several times before settling in their current positions

Bodies of Water Ocean motion- three motions (1) currents, (2) waves, (3) tides Helps distribute heat on the planet by wind blowing over the ocean which is either heated or cooled by the water then the winds blow over the land and moderate the temperature over the land Hydrologic cycle- continuous circulation of water Lakes, rivers and streams Ground Water- water held in pores of rocks

Landforms Oceanic Landforms- landforms found on the sea floor Continental shelf is located here Continental Landforms- landforms found on the earth Relief the difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to its highest point (1) Mountains (2) hills (3) plains (4) plateaus

Activity Draw and color the hydrologic cycle

Internal Forces- shaping the earth Tectonic plates- enormous pieces of the earth’s lithosphere Plate movement- (1) divergent boundary- plates move apart, spreads horizontally (2) convergent boundary- plates collide, causing either one plate to dive under the other or the edges of both plates crumble (3) transform boundary- plates slide past one another * Plate movement can cause a fault in the crust which is a crack caused by pressure during plate movement.

Tectonic Plates

Internal Forces- shaping the earth Earthquakes are measured with seismopgraphs which measure the waves caused by an earthquake An earthquake is a sudden release of energy in the form of motion Richter scale use info from seismographs to determine the relative strength of an earthquake Tsunami is caused by an earthquake. It is a giant wave that comes from the ocean and it can travel 450 miles per hour with waves 50-100 feet high Tsunami’s can occur on shores which are extremely far from the epicenter of an earthquake

Internal Forces- shaping the earth Volcanoes- most volcanoes are found along the tectonic plate boundaries; volcanic ash produces fertile soil Magma flows out of the earth and spreads across and area and cools. Once it reaches the earth’s surface, it is called lava Lava can create a hill or mountain Volcanoes do not erupt on a predictable schedule Ring of Fire- a zone around the rim of the pacific ocean (p. 37)

External Forces- shaping the earth Weathering mechanical weathering chemical weathering

External Forces Erosion water erosion wind erosion glacial erosion

External Forces Building Soil humus- Soil factors: (1)- parent material (2)- relief (3)- organisms (4)- climate (5)- time

Practice Do page 47 #s 1-3 in the Geography Skills section