AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit XIV - Overview Attribution, Attitudes, and Actions – Module 74 Conformity and Obedience – Module 75 Group Behavior – Module 76 Prejudice and Discrimination – Module 77 Aggression – Module 78 Attraction – Module 79 Altruism, Conflict, and Peacemaking – Module 80

To aid in your note taking… I suggest that you print these as note pages. As you read each day, use them to add your own notes.

Social Psychology Introduction Module 74 Attribution, Attitudes, and Actions

Introduction Social Psychology What is the focus of the social psychologist?

The Fundamental Attribution Error Attribution theory Dispositional vs. situational attribution Examples: Fundamental attribution error Self-serving bias Example:

Attitudes and Actions Attitudes Affect Actions Central route persuasion Example: Peripheral route persuasion

The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon Attitudes and Actions Actions Affect Attitudes: The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon “start small and build” Example:

Role-Playing Affects Attitudes Attitudes and Actions Actions Affect Attitudes: Role Playing Affects Attitudes Role-Playing Affects Attitudes Role - Stanford prison study Who and what? Abu Ghraib

Cognitive Dissonance: Relief From Tension Attitudes and Actions Actions Affect Attitudes: Cognitive Dissonance: Relief from Tension Cognitive Dissonance: Relief From Tension Cognitive dissonance theory Example: “Attitudes follow behavior”

Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures – Module 75

Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures Automatic Mimicry Chameleon effect Example: Mood linkage

Conformity Solomon Asch study Describe: Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures Conformity and Social Norms Conformity Solomon Asch study Describe:

Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures Conformity and Social Norms Draw Figure 75.1 and explain

Conditions That Strengthen Conformity Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures Conformity and Social Norms Conditions That Strengthen Conformity One is made to feel incompetent or insecure Group has at least three people Group is unanimous One admires the group’s status One has made no prior commitment Others in group observe one’s behavior One’s culture strongly encourages respect for social standards

Reasons for Conforming Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures Conformity and Social Norms Reasons for Conforming Normative social influence Example: Informational social influence

Obedience: Following Orders Milgram’s studies on obedience Procedure Results Ethics Follow up studies

Obedience: Following Orders Lessons From the Obedience Studies Ordinary people being corrupted by an evil situation What did these experiments demonstrate?

Social Facilitation Social Facilitation Task difficulty Example Expertise effects Crowding effects

Social Loafing Social Loafing Define. Reasons why? Less accountability View themselves as dispensable

Deinviduation Deindividuation With an example, can you describe?

Group Polarization Group Polarization Discuss.

Group Polarization Group Polarization

Groupthink Groupthink Bay of Pigs What? Challenger explosion How does this relate to Groupthink?

The Power of Individuals Social control vs personal control Difference? Minority influence Example:

Cultural Influences Culture Culture within animals What? Culture in humans

Cultural Influences Variation Across Cultures Norm Culture shock Example: Pace of life

Cultural Influences Variation Over Time Changes over the generations What?

Prejudice Prejudice Example: Stereotype Discrimination

Prejudice How Prejudiced Are People? Summarize:

Prejudice Social Roots of Prejudice: Social Inequalities Just world phenomenon Example: Blame the victim What?

Prejudice Social Roots of Prejudice: Us and Them: Ingroup and Outgroup Example: Outgroup: Ingroup bias

Prejudice Emotional Roots of Prejudice Scapegoat theory What? Economic variables Negative emotions

Prejudice Cognitive Roots of Prejudice Categorization Outgroup homogeneity Other-race effect Examples: Vivid cases Believing the world is just Hindsight bias Example:

The Biology of Aggression Genetic Influences What? Neural Influences Biochemical Influences

Social and cultural influences Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors in Aggression Aversive Events Aversive Events Frustration-aggression principle Example: Social and cultural influences Aggression-replacement program

Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors in Aggression Aversive Events: Reinforcement and Modeling Aggression-replacement program What? Media Model for Violence Social scripts Example: What does your author say about violent video games teaching social scripts for violence?

The Psychology of Attraction Proximity Mere exposure effect Example:

The Psychology of Attraction Physical Attractiveness Example:

The Psychology of Attraction Similarity Positive correlation between similarity and liking Yes or No? Reward theory of attraction Example:

Romantic Love Love Passionate love What? Companionate love Equity Example: Self-disclosure

Altruism Altruism Kitty Genovese Who? Bystander Intervention Diffusion of responsibility What? Bystander effect Example:

Altruism Figure 80.1 Draw or summarize.

Altruism Summarize Figure 80.2

Altruism The Norms for Helping Social exchange theory Example: Reciprocity norm Social-responsibility norm Example:

Conflict and Peacemaking Elements of Conflict Example: Social trap What is the non-zero sum game? Summarize Figure 80.3.

Conflict and Peacemaking Elements of Conflict: Enemy Perceptions Mirror-image perceptions Example: Self-fulfilling prophecy

Conflict and Peacemaking Promoting Peace Contact Example: Cooperation What? Superordinate goals

Conflict and Peacemaking Promoting Peace Communication Example: Conciliation GRIT – What? Which social psychologist advocated this strategy?

Now what? It would behoove you to answer the MC questions at the end of each Module. If you would like the correct answers, come see me before or after school! 