Physics Principles and Problems

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Presentation transcript:

Physics Principles and Problems Representing Motion Chapter 2 Physics Principles and Problems Zitzewitz, Elliot, Haase, Harper, Herzog, Nelson, Nelson, Schuler and Zorn McGraw Hill, 2005

Motion An object whose position changes over time. Motion Diagram - shows the positions of a moving object at successive times. http://www.sunfairrun.com/t&f_2006/trackphotos/5-19regionals/reg1.jpg

Visualizing Motion Coordinate System - shows the location of the zero point (origin) and direction of an object in motion. Arrows can be utilized to show an objects position and distance traveled. http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~okan/papers/s2003/pictures/fig5.jpg

Vectors and Scalars Vectors are quantities that have both magnitude (size) and direction. 0 15m Scalars are quantities that are numbers without direction 4C, 5m, 39s, 22m/s

Resultant Vectors Vector that represents the sum of two or more vectors. Based upon their direction some vectors can be negative. http://media.nasaexplores.com/lessons/04-029/images/sum.gif

Time Intervals and Displacement Time Interval - equals the final time (tf) minus the initial time (ti) ∆ t = tf - ti Displacement - equals the final position (df) minus the initial position (di) ∆ d = df - di

Position - Time Graphs By plotting the time (t) and position (d) data of a particular object a position-time graph can be generated. Remember that d represents that object’s instantaneous position. t d 5 30 10 60 15 60 20 40 25 20 30 0 35 -20 40 -40 45 -30 50 -10 55 0 http://dev.physicslab.org/img/17b988eb-9b4c-47ee-adab-0e66059c0ba7.gif

Average Velocity v = ∆d / ∆t = df - di / tf - ti Defined as the change in position divided by the time during which the change occurred. v = ∆d / ∆t = df - di / tf - ti Average velocity is represented by the slope of the line in a position-time graph http://dev.physicslab.org/img/17b988eb-9b4c-47ee-adab-0e66059c0ba7

Speed vs. Velocity Speed is how fast an object in moving. It is a scalar quantity and therefore can never be negative. Velocity is speed with direction. It is a vector quantity and therefore can be negative. Instantaneous velocity is the speed and direction of an object at a particular instant. http://hadithuna.com/files/2008/04/d737speed-racer-go-speed-posters.jpg http://www.jimcarroll.com/weblog/archives/pictures/velocity.jpg

Equation of Motion for Average Velocity An object’s position is equal to the average velocity multiplied by time plus the initial position. d = vt + di Use algebra and the equation v = d / t to solve for any of the variables.