After the presentation the participants will: 1) describe aspects of spiritual care 2) perform spiritual assessments 3) relate the concepts of theosomatism 4) compare traditional with contemporary cultural diversification 5) perform transcultural nursing assessments in different populations

Simply – Spiritual health is having a healthy soul Hymns about a “Healthy Soul” I Am Content ! My Jesus Ever Lives Be Still, My Soul It Is Well With My Soul Participants’ Hymn Choices ?

1) Beliefs and Practices of the Faith Community 2) Desire of Faith Community, Group, Individual for Spiritual Care 3) Skills of the Faith Community Nurse(s) 4) Collaboration of Other Staff Members and Volunteers

1) Meaning or Purpose to Life 2) Belief and Faith 3) Love 4) Forgiveness 5) Prayer 6) Meditation 7) Worship

Spiritual beings who are Human ? Human beings who are Spiritual ? Psychosomatic – Body Mind Connection Theosomatic –Body Mind Spirit Connection

1) Religious affiliation and membership benefit health by promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyle. 2) Regular religious fellowship benefits health by offering support that buffers the effects of stress and isolation 3) Participation in worship and prayer benefits health through physiological effects of positive emotions.

4) Religious beliefs benefit health by their similarity to health-promoting beliefs and personality styles. 5) Simple faith benefits health by leading to thoughts of hope, optimism, and positive expectations. 6) Mystical experiences benefit health by activating healing bioenergy or life force or altered state of consciousness. 7) Absent prayer by others is capable of healing by paranormal means or by divine intervention. (Levin)

Presence – being there and in the present Listening – active listening, hearing them Empathy – understanding what others feel Vulnerability - willingness to share in the experience of another, “feel with” Humility – recognize human weaknesses as well as strengths Commitment – acceptance of the fullness of life with all of its human response s

F – Faith and Belief I - Importance C – Community A – Address in Care GWish

H – Hope O – Organized Religion P – Personal (spirituality) Practices E – Effects on care and End-of-Life Issues Anandaragah & Hight

B - Belief System E - Ethics and Values L – Lifestyle I – Involvement E – Education F – Future Events Anonymous

Simply - Differences in Cultures Traditional – values, beliefs, practices, and customs in diverse and ethnic groups Contemporary – religious affiliation, language, physical size, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability (physical and mental), political orientation, socioeconomic status, occupation and geographical location (Campinha-Bacote)

Andrews/Boyle Transcultural Nursing Assessment Guide for Individuals and Families 1) Biocultural Variations and Cultural Aspects of the Incidence of Disease 2) Communication 3) Cultural Affiliations 4) Cultural Sanctions and Restrictions 5) Developmental Considerations

6) Economics 7) Educational Background 8) Health-related Beliefs and Practices 9) Kinships and Social Networks 10) Nutrition 11) Religion and Spirituality 12) Values Orientation

1) Family and Kinship Systems 2) Social Life and Networks 3) Political and Governmental Systems 4) Language and Traditions 5) Worldviews, Value Orientations, and Cultural Norms 6) Religious Beliefs and Practices 7) Health Beliefs and Practices 8) Health Care Systems

1) Environmental Context 2) Language and Ethnohistory 3) Technology 4) Religious/Philosophical 5) Social Factors 6) Cultural Values 7) Political/Legal 8) Economic 9) Education

American Nurses Association (2012). Faith community nursing: Scope and standards of practice (2 ed.). Silver Springs, MD: Author. pp. 5, 8. Anandarajah, G.,& Hight, E. (2001). Spirituality and medical practice: Using the HOPE questions as a practical tool for spiritual assessment. American Family Physician, 63(1), 81–89. Andrews, M. A., & Boyle, J. S. (2012). Transcultural concepts in nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Campinha-Bacote, J. (2003). Many faces: Addressing diversity in healthcare. Journal of Issues in Nursing, 8, 1. (The) George Washington Institute for Spirituality & Health (GWish). FICA spirituality history tool.

Harrison, M. C. (2008). Christ have mercy: How to put your faith in action. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing Co. Kleinig, J. W. (2008). Grace upon grace: Spirituality for today. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing Co. Koenig, H. G. (2007). Spirituality in patient care giving: Why, how, when and what. (2 nd ed.). Radnor, PA: Templeton Foundation Press. Levin, J. (2001). God, faith, and health. New York: John Wiley & sons, Inc. Shelly, J.A. & Fish, S. (1988). Spiritual care: The nurses role. (3 rd ed.). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. Weaver, J. (2002). Having a mary heart in a martha world. Colorado Springs, CO: Waterbrook Press.