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| Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | Seed Treatment | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

| Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | Seed Treatment Seed treatments, in broad terms, are the application of biological, physical and chemical agents and techniques to seed that provide protection to seeds and plants and improve the establishment of healthy crops. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

| Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | Learning Objective To study the importance of seed treatment and methods of treating seed and seedling. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

HOW SEED TREATMENTS ARE APPLIED? Seed treatment is a term that describes both products and processes. Processes range from basic dressing to coating and pelleting. In all cases, the basis of good application techniques is to deliver the product to the seed at the correct dose and as uniformly as possible from seed to seed. Seed Dressing: The most common method of seed treatment. The seed is either dressed with a dry formulation or wet treated with a slurry or liquid formulation. Dressings are applied both on-farm or in specialized seed treatment facilities. Seed Coating: A special binder is used with a formulation to enhance adherence to the seed and begin to impact seed size and shape. Coatings require advanced treatment application technology. Seed Pelleting: The most sophisticated seed treatment technology, resulting in changing the physical shape of a seed to enhance plantability and handling. Pelleting requires specialized application machinery and techniques and is the most expensive of the applications. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND SEED GERMINATION Water Temperature Oxygen Light | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

| Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | Seed Treatment Good quality seeds are the most important inputs in agriculture. Seeds are treated before sowing for different purposes. Seeds are treated with cow dung or red earth by the ancestors. Cottons seeds are treated with cow dung, red earth, H2SO4 which makes easy during sowing. Fungicides or insecticides are used to control the pest and diseases of crops and treating with small quantity may reduce the ill effects besides reducing the chemicals and spraying cost. Seeds are treated with hot water or acid or hormones etc. to break the dormancy. Planting methods vary with individual crops. Broadcasting is the most predominant method of sowing besides drilling, planting and transplanting. Seeds are sown either wet or dry condition according to the type of crops. | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

Seed treatments based on crop classification | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

Seed treatment : Vegetables S. No Crop Name Treatment 1 Brinjal For 1 Kg seeds rub 3 gms Thirum 2 Tomato 3 Chilli 4 Methi For 1 Kg seeds rub 3 gms captain 5 French Beans For 10-15 Kg seeds rub 10-15 gms Rizobium 6 Spinach | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

Seed treatment : Vegetables S. No Crop Name Treatment 7 Cluster Beans For 10-15 Kg seeds rub 250 gms Rizobium 8 Ridge Gourd For 1 Kg seeds rub 3 gms carbendazim or captain 9 Radish For 1 Kg seeds rub 3 gms captain 10 Peas 11 Bottle Gourd For 1 Kg seeds rub 2.5 gms carbendazim or captain 12 Potato 1. Seed tuber potatoes are dipped in 0.3 % blitox solution, drained and dried before storage 2. Before sowing soak the seeds in a mixture of this (carbendazim-10gm captain -30 gm in 10 ltr water) solution | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

Seed treatment : Grain crops S. No Crop Name Treatment 13 Jowar For 1 Kg seeds rub 3gms sulphur 14 Bajara Before sowing soak the seeds in 20% salt solution 15 Wheat For 1 Kg seeds rub 3 gms Thirum 16 Paddy For 1 Kg seeds rub 2.5 gms Thirum or captain | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

Seed treatment : Oil seed crops S. No Crop Name Treatment 17 Groundnut For 1 Kg seeds rub 5 gms Thirum or 2 gms carbendazim OR rub 3 gms Trichoderma. Then for 1 Kg seeds rub 25gms Rizobium + PSB (Phosphorus Solubilizing biofertilizers ) and dry the seeds under shade 18 Soybean For 1 Kg seeds rub 2.5 gms carbendazim OR rub 5 gms Trichoderma 19 Sunflower For 1 Kg seeds rub 2.5 gms Thirum For 1 Kg seeds rub 5 gms Apron- 35 SD 20 Sesame 21 Safflower (Kar dai) For 1 Kg seeds rub 2.5 gms Thirum or captain Use Azotobacter -1 packet (250 gm) for 10-15 kg seed PSB-1 packet (250 gm) for 10-15 kg seed | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

Seed treatment : Cash Crops S. No Crop Name Treatment 22 Groundnut Before sowing - Carry out a seed treatment using 100 Ltr water + 300 ml malathion + 100 gm Bavistin Soak seeds for 30 mins in a solution- Azotobacter -10 Kg and PSB-1.25 Kg in 100 Ltr water 23 Cotton For 1 Kg seeds rub 2.5 gms carbendazim OR rub 5 gms Trichoderma 24 Turmeric For 100-120 Kg seeds Quinalphos 25 EC (25ml) + carbendazim 50 WP (10 gms) + 10 ltr water + mancozeb 75 WP (30 gms) solution | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |

| Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI | Thank you | Vigyan Ashram | INDUSA PTI |