History of Arnold Ross and his Program Arnold Ephraim Ross ( ) Born in Chicago: 1906 Odessa:

Born in Chicago 1906 Odessa : S. O. Shatunovsky Returned to Chicago 1924: University of Chicago: E. H. Moore L. E Dickson

Ph.D. in 1931 On Representation of Integers by Indefinite Ternary Quadratic Forms.

Married Bee Horecker 1931.

1940s After some postdoc positions, Ross earned tenure at St. Louis University.

Hired as Head of the Math Department at the University of Notre Dame in Began a summer program for in-service high school math teachers in Mentored some talented young students. Notre Dame

Origins of “Ross Program” : Teachers 1957: Students observed by teachers. Later years: More students, and ran a “Sunday school” during the year.

Teaching styles Textbooks Definition Theorem Proof Applications (examples)

Teaching styles Textbooks Definition Theorem Proof Applications (examples) Ross Examples Conjectures Theorem Generalization Definition

Ross Problem sets Numerical Problems (Some food for thought) PODASIPs Exploration Techniques of Generalization

Ohio State Moved to OSU in 1963 First summer program here in Boom times for science education, large enrollments.

MOTTOS From the beginning, Ross’s motto was: “Think deeply of simple things.” From the Prologue: “A neat formulation of results is the end product of understanding. All too often we present to the novice the result of someone else’s successful struggle for understanding, in the forlorn hope that this may provide an easy way out.”

Retirement 1976 Arnold Ross stepped down as chair. But he wanted his Program to continue, following the same teaching methods.

Moving the Program (1970s) India(P. Bambah) Germany(P. Roquette) Australia(K. Mahler) University of Chicago(F. Browder) Restart at Ohio State: 1979

Bee Ross For all those years, Bee was a great supporter of Arnold’s projects.

1980s Bee Ross suffered a long decline, died in Arnold continued to lecture every summer. Gloria Woods organized things. Several OSU faculty taught summer courses.

Late 1980s: Alumni started new programs: Glenn Stevens (PROMYS) Max Warshauer (Honors Math Camp) General feeling: Ross Program would fade.

Madeleine Ross A surprise announcement in Arnold became more involved in running the “Ross Young Scholars Program”.

1996 Reunion-Conference Celebrating Arnold’s 90 th birthday. Fundraising concerns.

Transition Ross stepped down in August “95 th Birthday Reunion-Conference” Arnold Ross died September 25, 2002.

New generation: Changes? Some traditions from early days have been lost. New traditions have begun. Others have stayed unchanged.

UNCHANGED: key components Number Theory - with enough time to work. Hard problem sets, with many threads. Community - students working together. Counselors - most important piece. They make the Program succeed.