4.2 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS

2 MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS

6.2.1 Text

Learning Outcomes : Describe the purpose of using text in multimedia. Describe the categories of font Identify appropriate fonts according to the user needs. Identify different types of file format Multimedia elements : Text

Multimedia would not be complete without text. Combination of animation, audio, video and graphics can be used to develop multimedia. But text still needed to provide information and explanation. Introduction Multimedia elements : Text

Text and symbols have been used since 6000 years ago in the Mediterranean Fertile Crescentin Mesopotamia, Egypt, Sumeria and Babylon. The first meaningful marks were scraped onto mud tablets and basked under the sun to dry. During this period, only rulers and priests were allowed to read and write the pictographic symbols and cuneiforms. History of text and symbols Multimedia elements : Text

Text definition  Text – a combination of symbol, letter, character and phrase that form a sentence or words that describe or discuss a topic which is known as text information Multimedia elements : Text  Text is the basic element for all multimedia applications.  Multimedia would not be complete without text. This is because text is one of the most important and main elements not only in multimedia development but also in other fields.  In Information Technology – text is a sequence of readable alphabet and constructed words can be decoded into a computer readable format, such as ASCII format.

The purpose of using text in multimedia is used to communicate thoughts, ideas, and facts. used to provides a lot of information. the safest way to convey messages as it can avoid misunderstanding Multimedia elements : Text

Text is used extensively in the world of mass communication specifically as an intermediary for the print media such as the press, magazines, books, journals and advertisements. Without text, information that you wish to convey might be lost during your interpretation of other media elements such as graphics, sounds and video. Considering that there are various cultural norms to adhere to, text is considered the best and safest form of communication medium to deliver messages effectively so that misunderstanding will not arise. The purpose of using text in multimedia Multimedia elements : Text

Typeface and font Typeface refer to the types of writing is a family of graphic character that usually includes many type sizes and styles. Font – refer to the style of writing Multimedia elements : Text

Common typefaces used TIMES COURIER ARIAL Multimedia elements : Text

Typeface categories Serif San Serif Decorative ABC Multimedia elements : Text

Categories of font Serif Refer to the line or curve (tail) that exists at the end of a character. widely used for body text because they are considered easier to read serifs are semi-structural details on the ends of some of the strokes that make up letters and symbols Example : Times New Roman Courier Book Antiqua Palantino Multimedia elements : Text

Sans Serif from the French sans, meaning “without” A typeface without serifs is called sans-serif are more typically used for headlines Examples : Arial Tohama Calibri Antique Olive Categories of font Multimedia elements : Text

Decorative Refers to typefaces with old literature and flowery elements and look like ancient writings. Example : Algerian Brush Script Bradley Hand Categories of font Multimedia elements : Text

1) Minimal Use of Text – be concise - Should fill less than half the screen. - Combination of other elements is needed. Uses of text on book covers Uses of text on poster Guidelines on the use of text in multimedia presentations Multimedia elements : Text

1)Reading a lot of text on a computer screen is tiring. If possible, minimize the use of text unless it is a multimedia application such as reference titles that requires maximum use of text like encyclopedias. 2)A combination of other elements is needed to reduce the dependency of multimedia applications on text.

2) Suitability of Typefaces and Fonts - use appropriate font and typeface - must depend on the objective, content, concept and intended audience of the multimedia application being developed. - Used typeface that can be used in all platforms. Guidelines on the use of text in multimedia presentations Multimedia elements : Text

INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA MULTIMEDIA IS THE INTERGRATION OF ANY COMBINATION OF TEXT, GRAPHICS, ANIMATION, AUDIO, AND VIDEO INTO DYNAMIC, INTRACTIVE PRESENTATION. Example : This type of fonts suitable for the younger generation because it looks rather childlike INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA MULTIMEDIA IS THE INTERGRATION OF ANY COMBINATION OF TEXT, GRAPHICS, ANIMATION, AUDIO, AND VIDEO INTO DYNAMIC, INTRACTIVE PRESENTATION. This type of fonts suitable for a formal approach Guidelines on the use of text in multimedia presentations Multimedia elements : Text

Guidelines on the use of text in multimedia presentations 3 ) Choice of text – Typeface must clear and readable Font typeDisplay StyleComprehension Study Sans Serif Clean, brief, objectivity, modern Quite difficult for fast reading Suitable for headings 20% - 30% level of understanding Serif Old-fashioned, friendly Easy to read Suitable for content text 75% - 80% level of understanding Multimedia elements : Text

Guidelines on the use of text in multimedia presentations 4)Text Style and Color - choose appropriate font style and font color Style of writing is often used for emphasis or distinguishing a content of the other part of the print media. Text colour and background colour also plays an important role in determining whether a word is clear and readable Multimedia elements : Text

Guidelines on the use of text in multimedia presentations 5) Consistent - consistency in using text (color, background, heading) use size, font, typeface and style should be consistent with the design and project concept typeface chosen should be in the computer system to be used for playback Multimedia elements : Text

1)Consistency or uniformity of textual use is important when developing a multimedia application. The use of size, font, typeface and style must be consistent with the design and concept of the project. For example, if the application being developed has several screens that require the use of headings and sub-headings, therefore the use of typeface, font, style and color should be consistent with each heading and sub-heading. 2)For example : If you use Avant-garde typeface as the main typeface to display the application content, you should make sure in other computer system have same typeface. If not, your display might be disordered and not like the original one.

Appropriate fonts according to the user needs Type styles: bold, italic, underline Used for emphasis Use for links – hypertext Be consistent Similar headings – typeface, size, style Use same font for similar sections Graphic image for headings Consistency vs. file size Multimedia elements : Text

Text File Formats Text filesGraphical iconFull name *.docMicrosoft Word Document *.txtPlain Text File *.rtfRich Text Format File *.odtOpenDocument Text Document Multimedia elements : Text

1).doc –Word processing document created by Microsoft Word, a word processor included with all versions of Microsoft Office; may contain formatted text, images, tables, graphs, charts, page formatting, and print settings. NOTE: Microsoft Word 2007 and later saves documents in the OpenXML format with a.DOCX extension. 1).txt –Standard text document that contains unformatted text; recognized by any text editing or word processing program; can also be processed by most other software programs. Generic text files with filenames that ending in ".txt" are created by Notepad for Windows and by TextEdit for Mac OS X when document formatting is removed. Various hardware devices, such as smart phones and the Amazon Kindle also recognize plain text files.

Summary Multimedia elements : Text Text has been around since ancient times. The ability to read and write text means success for the modern man. The appropriate use of multimedia elements may enhance the aesthetic presentation of text. In order to successfully use text in multimedia presentations, please bear in mind the following guideline : (i) Minimal use of text (ii)Suitability of typefaces and fonts (iii) Choice of text (iv) Styles and color of text (v) Consistency