copyright cmassengale Macromolecules copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale DO NOW… 1) What does CHNOPS stand for? 2) Is Hydrogen (H) a molecule or an element? 3) Is Water (H2O) a molecule or an element? 4) What elements make up carbon dioxide (CO2)? 5) What elements make up GLUCOSE? copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale MACROMOLECULES Answer the first THREE questions on your notes! SHARE OUT! copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale ATOMS COMBINE TO MAKE ELEMENTS! ELEMENTS COMBINE TO MAKE MOLECULES! WHICH ELEMENTS MAKE UP THE MOLECULE SHOWN? copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale CONNECTIONS… What connections do we have to the term “organic compounds”? copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbon (C) Carbon can form bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements). Usually with C, H, O or N. PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: WHAT ARE THESE ELEMENTS? copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Macromolecules Macromolecules are large organic molecules made up of smaller molecules! Examples: THE FOUR MOLECULES OF LIFE? copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Macromolecules Examples: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbohydrates copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbohydrates Small sugar molecules COMBINE to make large sugar molecules. copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar unit Example: glucose (C6H12O6) glucose copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbohydrates Disaccharide: two sugar unit Examples: Maltose (glucose+glucose) glucose copyright cmassengale
BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE… Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a Disaccharide! copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar units Example: cellulose (lettuce, corn) glucose cellulose copyright cmassengale
BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE… Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a Polysaccharide! copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Lipids copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Lipids Lipids are FATS! They contain the MOST energy of any macromolecule. Example: Triglyceride copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Lipids Triglycerides: composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids. H H-C----O glycerol O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = fatty acids O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH =CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = copyright cmassengale
BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE… Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a Triglyceride! copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Proteins copyright cmassengale
Proteins (Polypeptides) Proteins are made up of Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds. copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Primary Structure Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds (straight chains) aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6 Peptide Bonds Amino Acids (aa) copyright cmassengale
BUILD THIS MACROMOLECULE… Voices/Movement: “Restaurant voices,” sitting still Instructions: Using the information from your notes and the pieces of paper in front of you, build a Protein! copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Protein Structure Proteins are folded into 3-dimensional shapes that are held together by hydrogen bonds. Two examples: Alpha Helix Beta Pleated Sheet Hydrogen Bonds copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Nucleic Acids copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Nucleic acids Two types: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA- double helix) b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single strand) Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotides. copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Nucleic acids Nucleotides include: 1. phosphate group 2. pentose sugar 3. nitrogen bases: adenine (A) thymine (T) DNA only uracil (U) RNA only cytosine (C) guanine (G) copyright cmassengale
BUILD THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURE: Instructions: Using the paper in front of you, scissors and markers, BUILD AND LABEL a nucleic acid! AN IMAGE WILL BE SHOWN ON THE NEXT SLIDE! copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Nucleotide O O=P-O Phosphate Group N Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T) CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5 Sugar (deoxyribose) copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale DNA - double helix P O 1 2 3 4 5 P O 1 2 3 4 5 G C T A copyright cmassengale