English accents 13. General American (cont.). r-coloured vowels NURSE [3` ]first, third, occur, serve standard, persist historically:

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Presentation transcript:

English accents 13. General American (cont.)

r-coloured vowels NURSE [3` ]first, third, occur, serve standard, persist historically: short vowels fell together as /ə/ before /r/ [ə] and [r] coalesced as a single rhotacized vowel (in non-rhotic accents) the rhotacization was lost

The THOUGHT vowel /ɔ/ Variation in quality: generally opener than in BrE In the CLOTH set as well as the THOUGHT set Subject to an on-going merger with /ɑ/ LOT ("the low back merger") dawn-don, hawk-hock Those who have not merged /ɔ/ and /ɑ/ have lexical variability in on, fog, sorry, wash

The TRAP-BATH vowel /æ/ With regional, social-stylistic and positional variation, subject to raising and tensing to [ ɛː ~ eə ~ iə ] jazz

The LOT vowel /ɑ/ Subject to fronting to [a] ("Northern Cities Shift"), which protects it from the Low Back Merger found west of the Mississippi, in western Pennsylvania, in Canada etc.

The Northern Cities shift æ TRAP ɑ LOT ɔ THOUGHT ʌ STRUT

… also, the lowering and centralization of / ɪ / ( KIT ) and / ɛ / ( DRESS ) TRAPLOT THOUGHT KIT DRESS STRUT

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