 Embankment Construction – LOTs  What is the maximum length of a LOT? Mainline pavement lanes, turn lanes, ramps, parking lots, concrete box culverts and retaining wall systems A LOT is defined as a single lift of finished embankment not to exceed 500 feet. Shoulder-Only areas, bike/shared use paths, and sidewalk areas A LOT is defined as 2000 feet or one Day’s Production, whichever is greater. Effective July

 Where is RAP prohibited? ◦ Construction areas that are below the seasonal high groundwater table elevation. ◦ Behind and below MSE Wall backfill. ◦ Base Material other than on Shoulders 1-3

◦ Embankment above the water table  Soil & RAP mixture  Not allowed in the upper 12 inches of Embankment  Alternate Layer Construction ◦ Shoulder Base 283 ◦ Stabilizing Material

Bedding Zone 4” below the pipe (Can be 12” when backfilling for removal of rocks or other hard material PIPE Top Zone - Up to the subgrade or final grade Cover Zone 1 foot above pipe Lowest Zone Soil Envelope (No Thick Lift) 1-5 Base or final grade

 Compaction requirements are the same for both Concrete and Metal Pipe  Top of pipe is less than 15 inches below base ◦ 100% standard proctor within cover zone  Top of pipe is greater than 15 inches below base ◦ 95% standard proctor within cover zone  Structure backfill requires 100% of Standard proctor regardless of the depth 1-6

Bedding Zone PIPE Top of pipe to bottom of base < 15 inches Cover Zone Lowest Zone Bottom of Trench Soil Envelope (No Thick Lift) 1-7 Base or Pavement Top Zone Top Zone Minimum Density =100% Std. Proctor

Bedding Zone PIPE Top of pipe to bottom of base >= 15 inches Cover Zone Lowest Zone Bottom of Trench Soil Envelope (No Thick Lift) 1-8 Base or Pavement Top Zone Minimum Density =100% Std. Proctor

 states “Backfill for structures and pipe compacted in one operation will be considered as one LOT within the cover zone”  Drainage structures require 100% density regardless of the depth.  If pipe and structure are compacted in one operation one density test that meets 100% density may represent both pipe and structure. ◦ Density tests must be taken at random locations along Structure and pipe

 Test Strip Requirements for 12 inch thick compacted lifts.  – In the soil envelope - maximum allowed thickness of backfill is 6 inches. Requirements for max. 12 inch thick compacted Earthwork SectionEmbankment Pipe Backfill A-3 and A-2-4 soils with up to 15% fines No Test strip requiredTest strip required 12 inch compacted lifts are only allowed above the soil envelope A-1, Plastic materials, and A-2- 4 Materials with greater than 15% fines Test strip required 1- 10

 How many passing density tests are required before the contract allows Reduced Frequency Density Testing for:  Pipe backfill?  Embankment? 1- 12

* For projects let after July 2014 Reduced frequency for pipe backfill in the trench box is reduced to one per four LOTs Reduced Frequency in Pipe Backfill and EmbankmentRoadwayPipe Backfill # of passing tests required before Reduced Frequency can be considered 126 Reduced Test Frequency1 per 2 LOTs 1 per 2 LOTs * Required to use the same compactive effort on the untested LOTs as the LOT that is tested Yes Select test locations randomly from one of the two (or four) LOTs under consideration Yes Requires Engineers permission to place more than one LOT over an untested LOT Yes

 Commercial Material - Approved Source (usually Aggregate Base)  Existing Base  Local Materials (Local Materials as defined in 914) 1- 14

 What is the most recycled material in the United States?

According to the EPA asphalt pavement is the most recycled product in the United States by weight.

 Local Materials (Local Materials as defined in 914)  Acceptance requires:  Source investigation Material ID 440A  Sample & test from the roadway for material acceptance Material ID 440B 1- 19

◦ Source Investigation (440A)  Evaluate the stockpile as a local material  If failing organic content is due to the asphalt content of RAP or RAP Blended material the department may modify acceptance at the roadway  Modified Acceptance for RAP or RAP Blend (440/440B)  Sample and test for Asphalt Content (FM 5-563) after Mixing  The upper limit for FM in the mixed Subgrade is 4.7%  Failure may indicate too much Asphalt or the presence of a material with a high organic content 1- 20

RAP or RAP Blend Step 1: Source Sampling / Engineer inspection: (i.e. stockpiles, plant millings). Sample and test 440A comparing results to Section 914. QC/VT collect 3 separate pint samples and test for OC, LL/& PI. Test for T27 if necessary Accept Material Step 2: Field Testing: If the RAP or RAP Blended material is uncontaminated, acceptance may be based on Asphalt Content by ignition oven (FM 5-563) after mixing. Pass Asphalt Content <= 4.7% Remove Material Yes No Decide if the material is RAP/RAP Blended material (Jump to Step 2) or treat as Local Material (clay) Yes No

 Requires a “Process Control Plan” from the Contractor including ◦ Location of the existing rock and where it will be used. ◦ Methods of handling the rock  Review the plan with the District Materials Engineer.  Prepare stockpiles for materials testing

 QC and District Materials Office each collect 3 samples for materials testing. ◦ All tests must meet the material requirements for the base  If 10 consecutive LBR tests are greater than 120 and no individual test is less than 120 the sampling requirements may be reduced to one sample per stockpile.

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 A LOT is defined as a single lift of finished embankment not to exceed 500 feet in length or cumulative length of continuous, interconnected walls.  Backfill within 3 feet from the panels and backfill beyond 3 feet from the panels are separate LOTs.

 Strips up to 8 feet wide between two retaining wall volumes constructed with the same material in one operation may be considered as one LOT with the retaining wall volumes.  Overlapping retaining wall volumes may be considered one LOT, excluding the 3 feet width behind the panels.

Straps 3 foot zone 6’ max between straps 500’ The contractor places this area in one lift and compacts in each zone in one operation. What is the minimum number of Density tests for one lift in this scenario? 150’ 80’ 270’380’

 Coarse Aggregate Backfill: ◦ Use Size 57 to 89 (unless restricted in the plans ◦ Must test aggregate for pH, resistivity, sulfate, and chloride content – Effective July 14  Flowable Fill: ◦ Metallic wall components must be completely encapsulated by the flowable fill.

 Compacted Select and Coarse Aggregate Backfill: ◦ Within 3 feet of wall  Equipment must weight at least 600 lbs and less than 1000 lbs.  Minimum three passes ◦ Greater than 3 feet away from wall  Requires vibratory compaction with centrifugal force >= 7500 lbs.  Minimum two passes

 Optional Acceptance Criteria for A-3 and A-2-4 Materials: Obtain a minimum density of 95% of the maximum dry density as determined by AASHTO T99 within 3 feet behind the wall face and obtain a minimum density of 100% of the maximum dry density as determined by AASHTO T99 beyond 3 feet behind the wall face.

 Beneath rip rap, pipe wrap, MSE Wall Joints, Ditch Lining  The material properties have been removed from Design Standard 199 and added to specification 985.  Allowable materials will be listed in the QPL  Will still require a submittal to State Materials Office

Appendix

A3

 2. When testing other materials from the roadway for project acceptance a sample is made up of three subsamples: ◦ a. Replace the word “sample” with “subsample” in AASHTO T 267. ◦ b. Randomly select a location along the roadway and collect three subsamples across the roadway. When collecting a subsample, sample the full depth of the lift taking care to exclude any underlying material. ◦ c. In the laboratory, perform loss on ignition for each subsample. Record the individual results. Determine individual maximum and average organic content for the subsamples collected in (b). If required, the remaining material may be combined for other testing. A4

Clay as Stabilizer Step 1: Source Sample and test the source (440A). Compare results to 914. QC/VT collect 3 separate pint samples and test for OC and LL/PI. Sample and test for T27 if necessary Continue to meet acceptance criteria in Step 2: Material at the roadway (After spreading and before mixing) Sample and test 440B meeting the frequency of section Take 3 1 pint samples across the road at a random location and test for OC and LL/PI. Sample and test for T27 if necessary (rocks > 3 ½ inch) Pass Reject source Pass Remove Stabilizing Material No Yes No Yes