9 Lecture The Wireless Revolution

Identify the principal wireless transmission media and devices, cellular network standards and generations, and standards for mobile Web access Describe the major standards for wireless networks and for wireless Internet access Evaluate the role of m-commerce in business and describe the most important m-commerce applications Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution OBJECTIVES

Assess the business value of wireless technology and describe important wireless applications in business Identify and describe the challenges posed by wireless technology and management solutions OBJECTIVES (Continued) Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

The Wireless Revolution Mobile phones have become mobile platforms for delivering digital data, used for recording and downloading photos, video and music, Internet access, and transmitting payments. An array of technologies provides high-speed wireless access to the Internet for PCs and other wireless handheld devices and cell phones. Businesses increasingly use wireless to cut costs, increase flexibility, and create new products and services. THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

Mobile Versus Fixed-line Subscribers Worldwide Figure 9-1 THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Source: International Telecommunications Union, 2002 and 2003, and authors.

Wireless communication helps businesses easily stay in touch with customers, suppliers, and employees. Wireless networking increases worker productivity and output, as workers take less time to establish contact with people and to access information. THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Business Value of Wireless Networking Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Companies can save on wiring offices, moving, and making network changes by using wireless networks. Wireless technology has also been the source of new products, services, and sales channels in a variety of industries, e.g. OnStar, Starbucks “hot spots”. Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Business Value of Wireless Networking (Continued)

All wireless media rely on various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Microwave systems transmit high-frequency radio signals through the atmosphere. Communication satellites are used for geographically dispersed organizations. THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Wireless Transmission Media and Devices Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

Frequency Ranges for Communications Media and Devices THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Figure 9-2 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

Amoco’s Satellite Transmission System THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Figure 9-3 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Devices for Wireless Transmission: Paging systems handhelds Cellular telephones Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) Smart phones Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Standards: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular Network Standards and Generations Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Cellular Generations: 1G: Analog cellular networks for voice communication 2G: Digital wireless networks, primarily for voice communication; limited data transmission capability Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE 2.5G: Interim step toward 3G in the United States 3G: High-speed; mobile; supports video and other rich media; always-on transmission for e- mail, Web browsing, instant messaging Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Cellular Generations: (Continued)

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Mobile Wireless Standards for Web Access Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): Uses Wireless Markup Language (WML) and microbrowsers I-mode: Uses compact HTML and allows for continuous connection Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) versus I-mode THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Figure 9-4 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) established a hierarchy of complementary standards for wireless computer networks. Global Wireless Network Standards: IEEE (Bluetooth) for the Personal Area Network (PAN) IEEE (Wi-Fi) for the Local Area Network (LAN) Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Table 9-2

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS IEEE (WiMax) for the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) IEEE (proposed) standard for the Wide Area Network (WAN) Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Table 9-2 (Continued) Global Wireless Network Standards: (Continued)

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Bluetooth Can link up to 8 devices in 10-m area Low power requirements Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Wi-Fi Three standards: a, b, g Infrastructure mode: Devices use access point to communicate with wired network Ad-hoc mode (peer-to-peer): Wireless devices communicate directly with each other Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

A Bluetooth Network (PAN) WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Figure 9-5 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

An Wireless LAN WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Figure 9-6 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING M-commerce: The use of the Internet for purchasing goods and services and also for transmitting messages using wireless mobile devices Mobile computing: Enables internet-enabled cell phones, PDAs, and other wireless computing devices to access digital information on the Internet from any location Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

Global M-Commerce Revenue, 2000–2005 M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING Figure 9-7 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Source: Copyright 2005 Jupitermedia Corporation. All rights reserved.

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING M-Commerce Services and Applications Information-based services: Instant messaging, , searching for a movie or restaurant using a cell phone or handheld PDA Transaction-based services: Purchasing stocks, concert tickets, music, or games; searching for the best price for an item using a cell phone and buying it in a physical store or on the Web Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Table 9-3

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING Personalized services: Services that anticipate what a customer wants based on that person’s location or data profile, such as updated airline flight information or beaming coupons for nearby restaurants Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution M-Commerce Services and Applications (Continued) Table 9-3 (Continued)

Customer Personalization with the Ubiquitous Internet M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING Figure 9-8 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING Accessing Information from the Wireless Web Wireless portals: Content and services optimized for smaller screens of mobile devices to steer users to the information they are most likely to need Voice portals: Accept voice commands for accessing Web content, , and other electronic applications from a cell phone or standard telephone Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING Digital Payment Systems and M-Commerce Micropayment system oIndividual service providers run their own separate payment systems oSmall payments added on to single bill Stored payment system oCell phone equipped with smart card storing rechargeable electronic cash Mobile Wallets (m-Wallets): Store personal data to use in online transactions Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING M-Commerce Challenges Slow data transfer speeds on second-generation cellular networks, resulting in higher costs to customer Limited memory and power supplies Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING More Web sites need to be designed specifically for small wireless devices. Keyboards and screens on cell phones are still tiny and awkward to use. Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution M-Commerce Challenges (Continued)

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship Management Access customer account records and information at any time or location Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Wireless CRM enables sales and field service professionals to:

Update customer accounts and deal information to update customer database instantaneously Receive alerts to important events Enter, perform, and update transactions and product information WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship Management (Continued)

Pitney Bowes’s Wireless CRM System WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Figure 9-9 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

Wireless Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Wireless supply chain management systems: Provide simultaneous accurate information about demand, supply, production, and logistics as goods move among supply chain partners Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems: Provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

How RFID Works WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Figure 9-10 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

Wireless Applications: Electronic Medical Record (EMR) retrieval Wireless note taking for patient charts Lab test results Prescription generation Medical databases WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Wireless in Health Care Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing Wireless sensor networks (WSNs): Networks of interconnected wireless devices that are embedded into the physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

Pervasive computing: Wireless technologies are pushing computing into every facet of life, including cars, homes, office buildings, tools and factories; providing connections anywhere and anytime. WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing (Continued)

A Wireless Sensor Network WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Figure 9-11 Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution Source: From Jason Hill, Mike Horton, Ralph King, and Lakshman Krishnamurthy, “The Platforms Enabling Wireless Sensor Networks,” Communications of the ACM 47, no. 6 (June 2004).

MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS Management Opportunities: Wireless technology offers: Flexible business processes Business processes not limited by time or space New channel for communicating with client Source of new products and services Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS Management Challenges: Integrating wireless technology into the firm’s IT infrastructure Maintaining security and privacy Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution

MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS Solution Guidelines: Identifying areas in which wireless can provide value Creating a management framework for wireless technology Using a pilot program before full-scale rollout of wireless systems Management Information Systems Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution The following are some of the guidelines for managing mobile technology in the enterprise: