Structural Form The part of a structure that must transmit applied loads is the structural system. The mode of transmission is a function of geometrical.

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Presentation transcript:

Structural Form The part of a structure that must transmit applied loads is the structural system. The mode of transmission is a function of geometrical configuration, or form. The basic modes, or “actions” may be: Tension Compression Flexure (Bending) Shear [Torsion (Twisting, Shear)] These may be combined in many structural forms, as seen in the following examples: Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems Basic Structural Elements: Tension—The Tie Rod Single, axial-force element Studied in ENGRD 202 Godden, B47 Idealized Real Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems Basic Structural Elements: Tension--The Cable Single, axial, tensile force element Form-active Idealized Real Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems Basic Structural Elements: Compression--The Column Idealized Column RC Shapes Metallic Shapes Beam-Column Multiple Force: Axial, Shear, Moment Studied in ENGRD 202 Godden, F43 Real Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems Basic Structural Elements: Compression--The Arch Can be single force = Funicular, or... Multiple Force: Axial, Shear, Moment Can Have 1, 2, or 3 Hinges Godden, B28 Real: 3 Hinges RC Arch No Hinges Idealized Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Basic Structural Elements: Flexure--The Beam Idealized Basic Structural Elements: Flexure--The Beam Beam: A Multiple Force Element Multiple Force: Shear, Moment, Axial Studied in ENGRD 202 Simply Supported Cantilever Fixed-Fixed Multiple span continuous Tapered/Haunched Built-Up Godden A56 Real Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Basic Elements May Be Simplifications of 2D and 3D Surface Elements 1D Rod [Shear on non-orthogonal section] 2D Plate in Biaxial Tension (“Plane Stress”) [Note: if S1  S2, shear will be present] Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Basic Elements May Be Simplifications of 2D and 3D Surface Elements Idealized 1D Beam [Torsion?] 2D Plate in Bending [Twisting possible] Real Godden, F80 Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Basic Elements May Be Simplifications of 2D and 3D Surface Elements Idealized Cable Pressure Vessel/Membrane Real Godden, E35.3 Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Basic Elements Are Simplifications of 2D and 3D Surface Elements Idealized Arch Shell:eg. Dome Godden E35.1 Real Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

It May Not Be Feasible/Useful to Simplify Complicated Solids Real Gear Idealized Transmission Represented with Finite Elements Idealized Geometry Model of Gear Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems Basic Elements Can Be Combined Into Structural Systems Real Godden, F64 Beams + Columns = Frame Idealized Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems Basic Elements Can Be Combined Into Structural Systems Tie Rods + Columns = Truss Idealized Real Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Basic Elements Can Be Combined Into Structural Systems Beam/columns + shell = aircraft fuselage Real Idealized Section Represented with Finite Elements Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Some Planar Structural Systems Are Simplifications of 3D Systems Idealized Godden, D67 Real Plane Truss Space Truss Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems

Some Planar Structural Systems Are Simplifications of 3D Systems Plane Frame Space Frame Idealized Godden, F62 Real Notes: Structural Actions, Form and Systems