The Crowding-out effect of mandatory labour market pensions schemes on private savings: evidence from Denmark Søren Arnberg Danish Economic Councils Mikkel Barslund Danish Economic Councils
Does mandatory pension savings crowd out private voluntary savings? Relevant for policy makers in two ways: -does mandatory savings increase total savings? -macroeconomic implications Motivation
Pension wealth and saving rates: King & Dicks-Mireaux (1982), Jappelli (1995), Alessie, Kapteyn & Klijn (1997), Gale (1998), Euwals (2000) Pension entitlements and private savings: Attanasio & Rohwedder (2003), Attanasio & Brugiavini (2003), Kim & Klump (2008) Context
Contribution Provide estimates of the offsetting effect of current mandatory savings on current voluntary savings Development of the Danish labour market pension system provides a direct route to assess the substitution…
Danish labour market pension schemes Part of collective agreements between unions and employers associations Mandatory for workers in an agreement area Some uncovered parts of the labour market
Contribution Rates for Danish Mandatory Labour Market Pensions
Differences in implementation Which parts of the salary are liable for pension contributions? Basic salary? Always Payments by results? For some groups
Observed contribution rates: school teachers
Contribution rates
CR for labour market pension
Pension savers in the group of 30 to 55 years old
Model voluntary savings mandatory labour market pension savings yearly earnings non-contractual wealth pension wealth age education interaction term
Estimated offset effects from the full sample.
Estimated offset effects from the sample of school and kindergarten teachers.
Separate offset effects estimated for private pension contributions and private non-pension saving.
Work to do… Liquidity constraints And more…