Important events in the history of Hawaiian commercial fisheries 1976 – Congress passes the Fisheries Management and Conservation Act 1984 – closure of Hawaiian Tuna Packers cannery 1987 – beginning of buildup of longline fleet 1990 – amendments to FMCA recognize need for management of highly migratory species 2000 – recognition that swordfish longline fishery is taking turtles 2000 – President Clinton creates northwestern Hawaiian Islands coral reef ecosystem reserve

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Hawaiian commercial fish catch by weight (A) and by ex-vessel value (B)

Commercial landings of skipjack tuna

Commercial landings of wahoo, mahimahi, blue marlin, and yellowfin tuna

Catches of the principal species targeted by the Hawaii longline fishery

Exclusive economic zones (fishery conservation zones) in the Pacific, including the Hoomalu and Mau bottom fishing zones in the northwest Hawaiian Islands

Commercial catches of four important bottom fish

Commercial catches of Akule and Opelu

History of commercial lobster catches

Table 7.1. Economic value of principal species in the Hawaiian fishery in 2003 SpeciesCaught (tonnes) Sold (tonnes) Price per kilogram Value Bigeye tuna $6.88$25,779,265 Yellowfin tuna1551 $5.56$8,632,843 Mahimahi595 $4.90$2,913,731 Wahoo451445$4.28$1,902,953 Albacore618608$2.56$1,561,017 Skipjack tuna719604$2.21$1,331,504 Striped marlin623621$1.85$1,155,267 Blue marlin502432$1.90$823,172 Pomfret210208$3.73$776,855 Swordfish154150$4.81$721,440 Onaga59 $12.24$721,436 Opakapaka6362$11.53$711,396 Akule196148$3.44$508,316 Opelu146111$4.26$473,127

Hawaii Seafood Buyers Guide Introduction/Overview Species descriptions –Biology, availability, fishing methods, etc. Recipes / Substitutions List of Exporters

University of Hawaii OCN 331 Living Marine Resources October 4, 2007 Honolulu, Hawaii Brooks Takenaka United Fishing Agency Hawaii Seafood Project 2 (NOAA) Introduction to Hawaii‘s Longline Fisheries, Auction System, and Fish Species

Fishery Management System Healthy, well-managed fish stock Fishing Industry Other stakeholders Fishery Regulations Fishery Mgt Council (WPRFMC) Fishery Mgt Plans Fishery Regulators (NOAA PIRO) Fishery Scientists (NOAA - PIFSC, PFRP- JIMAR) = Fish harvest= Scientific data= FMP’s= Stakeholder input= Regulations/ Enforcement John Kaneko and Yvette Yamamoto, Hawaii Seafood Project (NOAA) Vessel Safety, Environmental Regulations US Coast Guard

Fishery Management System in Hawaii Fishery Fish Stock Fish Auction Wholesalers Retailers Consumers Fishing Industry Other Regulations State Health Regulations Federal FDA Seafood HACCP, GMP’s Regulatory or Legal Action Fish & Seafood Information & Data Environmental NGO’s Fishery Management Fishery Scientists Mgt Council Fishery Regulators Fishery Management Plan John Kaneko and Yvette Yamamoto, Hawaii Seafood Project (NOAA) USCG Vessel Safety & Environmental Regulations

WCPFC IATTC INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF PELAGICS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN Longline quota for bigeye now in effect EEZ Around Hawaii nm Nearshore Exclusion Zone Range of Hawaii Fleet

HAWAII LONGLINE FISHERY PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL NUMBER OF LONGLINE VESSELS OPERATING IN THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN (1998 – 2004) OTHER NATIONS 97.3% HAWAII LONGLINE FISHERY 2.7%

HAWAII LONGLINE FISHERY PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL WESTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN BIGEYE TUNA CATCH (1998 – 2004) OTHER NATIONS 97.3% HAWAII LONGLINE FISHERY 2.7%

United Fishing Agency Incorporated in Based on centuries old Japanese auctioning system Fresh fish display auction. Concentrates market forces on daily fish supply. Competitive, open bidding. The market generates the price.

New Fishing Village and Fish Auction Village set up to concentrate fishing and seafood industry. New auction facility opened on August 24, Larger auction floor and chilled (60° F) storage capacity. Direct unloading from vessels. More efficient design

New Auction Facilities Photos: J. Kaneko

Port of Honolulu Hawaii has a relatively low volume, but high value fishery. Quality counts! Auction sells 18 – 22 million lbs annually. 47 th in the nation in landed volume of fish. 4 th in the nation in landed value of fish. Hawaii take is less than 3% of the total Pacific effort.

Auction Sequence Auction weighs, labels and displays fish. Auction begins at 5:30 am, Monday through Saturday. Longline, handline, pole and line, and troll-caught fish in sequence.

Auction Buyers Seafood Wholesalers Seafood Retailers Restaurants Fish Peddlers

Auction Operation Auction unloads, inspects, displays and auctions fish on behalf of the fishermen. Auction does not take possession of catch. Provides marketing service. Auction works with fishermen to promote best possible quality, presentation and fish price.

Auction Fish Supply Longliners (tuna and swordfish and other pelagic fish) Trollers (mahimahi, tuna, marlins and other pelagic fish) Handliners (bigeye, yellowfin and albacore from nearshore areas and offshore sea mounts) Aku boats (skipjack and yellowfin from live bait boats) Bottomfish (deepwater snappers, jacks and groupers).

Pelagic Fishery Products Tuna Bigeye Yellowfin Albacore Bluefin Skipjack Billfish Swordfish Blue marlin Striped marlin Spear fish Other Pelagics Mahimahi Wahoo Opah Sickle pomfret Escolar/oilfish Sharks Mako Thresher

Bottomfish Fishery Products Bottomfish Onaga Ehu Opakapaka Kalekale Uku Hapu‘upu‘u Gindai Lehi Butaguchi Ta‘ape White Ulua Affected by closure Onaga Ehu Kalekale Opakapaka Gindai Hapu‘upu‘u Lehi

Bigeye Ahi Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Yellowfin Ahi Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Tombo Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT Albacore tuna

Aku Skipjack tuna Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Shutome Swordfish Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Nairagi Striped Marlin Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Kajiki Blue Marlin Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Hebi Shortbill Spearfish Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Mahimahi Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Ono Wahoo Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Opah Moonfish Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Monchong Sickle Pomfret Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Onaga Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT Long tailed red snapper

Ehu (short tailed red snapper)

Pink Snapper Opakapaka Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Kalekale

Gray Snapper Uku Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Hapu‘upu‘u Sea Bass Photos: Hawaii Seafood Promotion Committee and State of Hawaii, DBEDT

Gindai (roosevelt snapper or bubblegum snapper)

Lehi (Silverjaw jobfish)

Butaguchi (thick lipped ulua or pig ulua)

Ta‘ape (Bluestripe snapper)

White Ulua (Giant Trevally)

Hawaii Seafood Buyer’s Guide