Female Managers and careers in Sweden Monica Renstig Women´s Business Research Institute One of the researchers/authors in SNS project “More women to the top”

A lot of Swedish women are working part of the workforce, year, working outside home, 2001 Source: OECD, 2002 WomenMen Sweden77,181,4 Denmark75,083,3 Germany63,879,3 Great Britain 67,682,2 France61,874,3 OECD Europe 56,377,3 USA70,583,4 OECD59,380,5

Women in the Swedish Workforce 50 % of all women are working for the public sector, 50 % in the private sector. Ten years ago, 65 % of all women were working for the public sector – most of them still are in companies financed by the taxes. 50 % of all women are working for the public sector, 50 % in the private sector. Ten years ago, 65 % of all women were working for the public sector – most of them still are in companies financed by the taxes. Just 23 % of Swedish men are working in the public sector Just 23 % of Swedish men are working in the public sector A lot of Swedish women, 33 %, are working parttime, especially in the public sector A lot of Swedish women, 33 %, are working parttime, especially in the public sector

Swedish women are well educated Swedish women are more well educated than men. Swedish women are more well educated than men. Women hold 61% of all academic exams – so it's been for 20 years Women hold 61% of all academic exams – so it's been for 20 years Women hold 30 % of all exams in civil engineering. (Rise from 10 % since 1994) Women hold 30 % of all exams in civil engineering. (Rise from 10 % since 1994) Women hold 50 % of all exams in economics and business administration (Rise from 30 % since 1994) Women hold 50 % of all exams in economics and business administration (Rise from 30 % since 1994) Women hold 76 % of all exams in Law Schools (Rise from 45 % since 1994) Women hold 76 % of all exams in Law Schools (Rise from 45 % since 1994)

Women in Politics Women in Parliament 45,3 % (2002) Women in Parliament 45,3 % (2002) Women in head of Committees 37,5% Women in head of Committees 37,5% In Government: 50 % female cabinet ministers In Government: 50 % female cabinet ministers Female State Secretaries: 37 % Female State Secretaries: 37 %

Women Managers in Public Sector The whole public sector: 56 % The whole public sector: 56 % In the governmental sector: 35 % In the governmental sector: 35 % In the regions (landsting) healthcare: 48 % In the regions (landsting) healthcare: 48 % In the communities (kommuner) (schools, elderly care) 59 % In the communities (kommuner) (schools, elderly care) 59 %

Women in Business in Sweden The development of female managers in the private sector Female managers in companies > 1 employee 9 % 26 % Female managers in companies > 50 employees - 21 % Female managers in companies in Stock Market - 33 % Female managers in Production Industry >1 emp 7% 7% 20 % Female managers in Construct. Industry > 1emp Female managers in Finance Female managers in Consulting 3% 3% 10 % 11 % 20 % 31 % 28 %

Women as Managers In what position? In all private companies > 1 employee Hotel Managers68 % Managers in Business Administration38 % Managers in Human Resources24 % Managers of a Business Area14 % Marketing Manager12 % Sales Manager10 % CEO (includ.women-owned businesses)12 %

Women as Managers Companies listed in Stock Market At what position? Manager of Human Resources59 % Information Manager48 % Sales Manager36 % Marketing Manager28 % Vice President, vice CEO 4 % CEO, President 2 %

Have Swedish Women increased their power? The share of women with power in Stockmarket listed companies Women in Management Team Number of women Share of women2,7% 10,6 % 11,7 % Share of companies with women10% 42 %55 % Women in Board of Directors2 % 6 %15 %

Are female managers asked for? What do 10 Executive Search Companies say? Most customers say: We would very much like to have a woman proposed Most customers say: We would very much like to have a woman proposed 3 of 10 recruiters tells that ALL their customers asks for women proposed 3 of 10 recruiters tells that ALL their customers asks for women proposed Four recruiters says that about 25 % of their customers have decided that the one looking for must be a woman Four recruiters says that about 25 % of their customers have decided that the one looking for must be a woman 9 out of 10 recruiters tells that they themselves always try to present at least one woman 9 out of 10 recruiters tells that they themselves always try to present at least one woman It is more common asking especially for women in the biggest companies It is more common asking especially for women in the biggest companies It is more common asking for women in marketing and communicative positions It is more common asking for women in marketing and communicative positions