Hydrogen Bonding, Aldehydes and Ketones

Multi-alcohols Ethylene glycol Glycerol

Multi-alcohols PVA – polyvinylalcohol –Soluble in water –Used in glues –Packaging material for medicines

Other alcohols PVA – polyvinylalcohol –Soluble in water –Used in glues –Packaging material for medicines THC – tetrahydrocannibinol –Active ingredient in marijuana –Also has an ether functional group –Matches a similar chemical in the brain

Hydrogen Bonding Boiling point increases with size of molecule Butane is a gas at room temperature, but methanol is a liquid –Due to hydrogen bonding O is more electronegative than H O on one molecule to H on O on another Also present in water and other alcohols Reason small alcohols are miscible in water

-hydrophilic end -hydrophobic end

Aldehydes Functional group is C=O at end of chain Naming: Use HC root and add al instead of ol –Example – ethanal (acetaldehyde) –Or methanal (formaldehyde) Both are toxic and in pollution

Aldehydes Some have pleasing taste and smell

Aldehydes Some have pleasing taste and smell Also used in perfumes –Must be volatile –Many extracted from flowers –Others synthesized –Chanel No. 5

Ketones Functional group is C=O in middle of chain Naming: Use HC root and add “one” instead of ol, or al –Example: propanone (acetone) Common solvent –Or butanone (methyl ethyl ketone or MEK)

Ketones Give odors and flavors to some foods –Raspberries –Cloves –Spearmint –Blue cheese

Oxidation Products 1° alcohols – Aldehydes – then Acids –Example – wine → vinegar 2° alcohols – Ketones 3° alcohols?

H17 – C , 23, 25, 27, , 59 – 61 Name all isomers