MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 1 MICE: Present status and future plans Recall: Why MICE? Step I Step(s) IV Step V and VI

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 2 Why MICE? Based on Muon collider ideas and development (Palmer et al, 92->), the Neutrino Factory concept (Geer, 1998) resonated in 1998 with the final demonstration of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations by the SuperK Collaboration. International workshops: NUFACT 99 (Lyon, France) NUFACT 00 (Montery, California) NUFACT 01 (Tsukuba, Japan) NUFACT 02 (London, UK) NUFACT 03 (Columbia,NY,USA) NUFACT10 (Mumbai,India) 20Oct10 NUFACT11 (Geneva, Switz) 1Aug11  Neutrino Factory is the ultimate tool for study of Neutrino Oscillations -- unique source of high energy e --reach/sensitivity better by order(s) of magnitude wrt other techniques (e.g. super-beams) for    ** matter effects ** *** leptonic CP violation *** **** e   and   **** NB : leptonic CP violation is a key ingredient in the leading explanations for the mystery of the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry in our universe    e + e   unique source of high-E e ‘s _

Alain Blondel Groupe Neutrino Université de Genève T2KK: T2K 1.66 MW beam to 270 kton fid volume Water Cherenkov detectors in Japan (295km) and in Korea (1050 km); DUSEL: a WBB from Fermilab to a 300 kton WC in Dusel (1300km); SPL 4 GeV, EU-BB and BB+SPL: CERN to Fréjus (130km) project; NF bl is the Neutrino Factory baseline (4000km and 7000km baselines) and NF Py+INO represents the concrete baseline from CERN to Pyhasalmi mine in Finland (2285 km) and to INO in India (7152 km); PS2-Slanic is a preliminary superbeam study at 1500km based on an upgrade of PS2 to 1.66MW and a 100kton Liquid Argon TPC CERN – SPC panel report, SPC meeting, Figure 2 A representative compilation of sensitivities of some future long baseline projects. Here the fraction of  CP where CP violation can be observed at 3 standard deviations is plotted as a function of  13.

Alain Blondel Groupe Neutrino Université de Genève From IDS-NF Intermediate Design Report IDR

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 5 High-power target. 4MW. good transmission MERIT experiment (CERN) Major challenges tackled by R&D expts Fast muon cooling MICE experiment (RAL) Fast, large aperture accelerator (FFAG) EMMA (Daresbury)

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 6  Incoming muon beam Variable Diffuser Beam PID TOF 0 Cherenkov TOF 1 Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3 Downstream particle ID: TOF 2 KL, EMR RF cavities 1RF cavities 2 Spectrometer solenoid 1 Matching coils 1&2 Focus coils 1 Spectrometer solenoid 2 Coupling Coils 1&2 Focus coils 2Focus coils 3 Matching coils 1&2 10% cooling of 200 MeV/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF single particle measurements => measurement precision can be as good as  out /  in ) = never done before either…

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 7 Quantities to be measured in a cooling experiment equilibrium emittance = 2.5 mm cooling effect at nominal input emittance ~10% curves for 23 MV, 3 full absorbers, particles on crest Measurements of TRANSMISSION EMITTANCE REDUCTION EQUILIBRIUM EMITTANCE for the standard Study II optics are the main deliverables beam line can deliver 3,,6,,10 mm (see Mark’s talk) other values can be reached by offline culling or reweighting

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 8  MICE Steps STEP I STEP II STEP IV STEP V STEP VI STEP III/III.1

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 9 STEP I

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 10  STEP I Aim: establish beam line that is suitable for muon cooling measurements beam momentum from 140 to 240, energy spread 30%, to match emittance of 3-10 mm after absorber represents already a considerable amount of construction and skill -- muon beam line: target decay solenoid and cryogenics conventional magnets -- detectors and experimental set-up TOF detectors, Cherenkov Profile monitor DAQ, control and monitoring, Online reconstruction, offline software must all work together

WIN 11Slide 11WIN 11J.S. GraulichSlide 11 MICE Beam Line Present operation: ~ ~ 1 Spill / 2.6 seconds - ~ - ~ 3 ms Spill duration -  50 muons / Spill - P muon  [140 to 240] MeV/c - p D2 = p D1 /2 (backward  ) D1 D2 Q1-Q3 Q4-Q6Q7-Q9 Ultimate ~ ~ 1 Hz - ~ - ~ 1 ms gate -  500 muons / s - P muon  [140 to 240] -p D2 = p D1 /2

WIN 11Slide 12 The Beamline is complete and Operational WIN 11J.S. GraulichSlide 12 Q7-Q9 Q4-Q6D2 Pion Decay Solenoid (during installation) Downstream Muon Beam Line Mice Target System in ISIS Upstream Pion Beam Line Q1-Q3 D1

WIN 11Slide 13 The Target is pulsing Stator Position reading Bearing Ti Target Water Cooling MICE Ti Target inside the ISIS beam pipe  Parasitic mode: no perturbation of ISIS User’s Run  80 g acceleration !  Magnetic induction “gun”  Hz

WIN 11Slide 14 Detectors for Step 1 Time of Flight stations are used for PID but they also used for emittance measurement Luminosity Monitors 3 Time of Flight Stations Calorimeter 2 Cherenkov’s Downstream Monitor (GVA1) Beam Profile Monitors

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 15 MICE STEP I Superb data taking end 2009 and summer 2010! GOALS ACHIEVED ! See presentation by M. Rayner Rates are limited by activation in ISIS to about 50 good  + /pulse -- much progress! Proposal goals 500 muons per pulse – will continue work to improve safely the rate Excellent relationship with ISIS. Few remaining issues may require some running in Cherenkov Analysis -- Beam Profile Monitor to become quantitative device (to replace GVAI) -- More systematic use of Luminosity Monitor -- understand evidence for neutrals -- Personal Protection System (PPS) to commission (next week!) -- Target presently in beam is a ‘miracle’, beautiful and systematic effort to understand how to build two new identical targets Off-line target presently running 1.7 M pulses with new design (Vespel bearings and dust catcher)

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 16 High beam loss (up to 10 V) tests (14 Aug.) zhttps://micewww.pp.rl.ac.uk/elog/MICE+Log/1449https://micewww.pp.rl.ac.uk/elog/MICE+Log/1449 zhttps://micewww.pp.rl.ac.uk/elog/MICE+Log/1447https://micewww.pp.rl.ac.uk/elog/MICE+Log/1447

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 17 Further challenges (II) -- required muon rate is ~50/500 per pulse without (stepI-IV)/with (StepV-VI) RF -- limitation is irradiation in ISIS due to beam losses induced by MICE target measured in Volts on Beam Line Monitors -- observed rates in MICE 2010 (6mm beam) 4 TOF1/ms/V_BLM for  - beam, 25 TOF1/ms/V_BLM for  + beam These are PRELIMINARY -- not good muons yet! (expect to lose another factor) following a series of dedicated irradiation runs and measurements of activation ISIS allowed us to run routinely at 2V and even tried up to 10V. We are within range for STEPS I-IV further studies on how to get more muons per losses are ongoing muon rates

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 18  MICE Steps STEP I STEP II STEP IV STEP V STEP VI STEP III/III.1

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 19 Step III-IV physics program 1.step III proper: no absorber verify the change in emittance when travelling across the channel first exercize of the whole suite of MICE detectors TOF, CKOV, tracker and KL-EMR 2. step III.1 insert absorber in spool piece. test emittance-generating properties of a number of absorbers. + rapid change-over - limited possibilities of beta functions and strong heating term EMR TOF0 CKOV TOF1 diffuser Tracker 1 absorber TOF2, KL Tracker 2

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 20 The point was raised (Cobb) that 1.. The optics of step III is not easy to match for conservation of emittance 2. The logistics of changing from Step III to step IV is somewhat complicated. 3. it all boils down to practicality but it seems that we can execute the physics program of step III and step III.1 with the magnetic channel of step IV effect on Schedule is a balance = time gained by suppressing specific installation of step II and step III time lost by required push-pull operations in replacing solid absorbers

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 21 Amplitude Cooling... Step 3 empty Step 4 empty Amp OUT Amp IN Amp OUT Amp IN 6mm beam, SigPz = 1 MeV/c, 100k muons (T.Carlisle)

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 22 Clearly the optics of step III leads to ‘heating’ up to 5% (misbeaviour of dispersive beam?) Step IV is much cleaner from this point of view (~0.2%)

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 23 University of Sussex 9/12/2010 the MICE Experiment23 RF Pz recovery to reduce MS: have  T low focus) have Z low  X 0 high Figure Of Merit energy loss by ionization multiple scattering Transverse Cooling PzPz PTPT repeat n times … for given energy loss, cooling depends on X 0 and β-function

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 24 STEP IV configurations 1.Vacuum (only He and window for trackers) execute STEP III program; compare  in /  out  information on systematic error of final experiment STEP IV  in  out Diffuser Spectrometers Trackers EMR Focus coil

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 25 Variable Diffuser Before: a clockwork “quite complicated, but if it works…” NOW Already works! brass/steel assembly under construction four such wheels allow tunable thickness

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 26 Spectrometer solenoids 5 coils: match 1, match 2, corr 1, Solenoid, corr 2 Magnet at LBNL during a training quench LBNL took up from INFN in 2005 first expected date end 2007… serious delays due to failures when training (3!). 3 reviews so far! Magnet is difficult due to cooling with cryo-coolers and mutual induction of magnets.

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 27 Spectrometer solenoids -- Status -- Increased Manpower in Berkeley -- repair plan produced on 27 October reviewed – report issued on 14 December recommends completion of heat load calculations and quench analysis and design of effective quench protection before proceeding with repairs -- repair plan underway – should be finished by next collaboration meeting will then see more clearly the schedule. According to original plan (including magnetic measts) we would expect delivery at RAL of SS1 in Oct11 and SS2 in Mar12 – expect 3 more months

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 28 Emittance measurement Each spectrometer + TOF station measures 6 parameters per particle x y t x’ = dx/dz = P x /P z y’ = dy/dz = P y /P z t’ = dt/dz =E/P z Determines, for an ensemble (sample) of N particles, the moments: Averages etc… Second moments: variance(x)  x 2 = 2 > etc… covariance(x)  xy = > Covariance matrix M = M = Evaluate emittance with: Compare  in with  out Getting at e.g.  x’t’ is essentially impossible is essentially impossible with multiparticle bunch with multiparticle bunch measurements measurements  single muon expt

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 29 less than difference between true and reconstructed Sci-fi simulation of the measurement includes noise dead channels etc.. (Malcolm Ellis et al) simulations of step VI and emittance measurements have been performed since a long time…. Now trackers have been built … and match requirements M. Ellis et al, resolution 440 microns

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 30 Electron-Muon-Ranger: main goal is to separate muons vs electrons from mu decays also: measurement of muon by range. also: nice physics prototype of TASD detector resolution ~ 5mm

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 31 ISIS running periods, MICE CM29/30/31 and MOM Rota proposed MICE runs in 2011  to be finalized at CM29 First semester Second semester

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 32 Step IV Time to install Step IV – 168 days (about six months) Step IV running time – xxx days Time to substitute solid absorber in FC – 8 days Important assumptions at this stage: AFC module is ready and tested LH2 infrastructure in MICE Hall is ready Hayler, Nichols

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 33 FOCUS COIL Manufacture at Tesla Eng. (UK) Some re-design along the way Winding about to start (~12 Mo late wrt initial milestones) Bobin ready to wind!

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 34 STEP IV configurations 2.Solid absorbers execute STEP III.1 program; compare track in /track out compare  in /  out for various values of momentum, emittance and beta function  information on emittance generating properties of materials STEP IV  in  out

35 Alan Bross MICE CM - Sofia October 5, 2010 The MICE Energy Absorber  New Hanger Arrangement  3 SS straps  1 Machined SS clamp  45 cm, t= 65 mm Y12 is producing the LiH Produced by Hot Isostatic Pressing (150 oC, 30,000 psi) Final parts will be Tested for Chemical composition and purity Radio-graphed to ensure no voids Machined to size Dimensional inspection Coated with epoxy completely

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 36 Absorber measurements thickness  10 MeV energy loss Plastic 50 mm LiH 65 mm Be 34 mm Al 23 mm Fe 9 mm Cu 8 mm Liq H2 330 mm Liq He 410 mm Also will study wedge absorbers (change 6D emittance)

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 37 STEP IV  in  out STEP IV configurations 2.liquid H2 absorber compare track in /track out compare  in /  out for various values of momentum, emittance and beta function  information on emittance generating properties of Liq. H2 and optics of the channel

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 38 Lyon, Octobre 2009Jean-Sébastien GraulichSlide 38 Liq H2 Absorbers - Each Absorber contains 20 L of Hydrogen Produced at KEK, Japan Thin Aluminum widows, (Mississippi) all doubled for safety The module integrates the absorber with the superconduction focus coil Installation scheduled for the end of 2011-mid st absorber complete at Mirapro

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 39 Test Liq H2 is already in the MICE hall, being installed for testing

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 40 EXPECT STEP IV.x measurements to last several months from ~mid 2012

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 41 step II&III can be skipped 2012 but will last longer see Andy Nichols talk Completed

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 42 There is a full CAD drawing for each MICE step… all the way to step VI! (detectors, cables, couplers, etc… are not shown)

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 43 Step V and Step VI STEP V “sustainable” cooling^: coooling happens in the absorbers but production of cool beam requires acceleration with RF cavities. old simulation (at 88MHz) RF phase E out -E in RFCC module: -- RF cavities -- RF power stations -- Large Coupling Coil

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 44 RFCC module

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 45 RF cavity production is going very well all 100 cavities (8 + 2 spares) have been produced being assembled at LBNL Long lead items (Toshiba Windows) have been ordered single cavity test module has been designed

MICE RFCC Module Update – MICE CM28 in Sofia, Bulgaria Page 46 Allan DeMello - Lawrence Berkeley National Lab – October 5, 2010 Single RF Cavity Vacuum Vessel Single RF cavity vacuum vessel will potentially be used in a 3 T large bore magnet to perform RF breakdown test measurements in a magnetic field at CERN in collaboration with MuCool at FNAL and in support of MICE Single cavity vacuum vessel superimposed between the magnet coils 82cm 79cm

MICE Funding Agency Committee Alain Blondel 47 COUPLING COIL: a large magnet! cryostat cold mass 1.construction drawings for magnet and cryostat near complete at SINAP (Shanghai) 2.First coil wound at Qi Huan (Beijing) 3.but… delays at HIT (Harbin) for testing equipment (1/4 scale magnet not tested yet)

Andrew Moss RF system components Andrew Moss 2 MW Amplifier Master Oscillator Controls etc 201 MHz Cavity Module 2 MW Amplifier 201 MHz Cavity Module LBNLCERN 300 kW Amplifier HT Supplies Daresbury DL Test System At present Auxiliary Systems Not found

Andrew Moss 2MW amplifier status Final electrical checks September 2010 – crowbar/cathode modulator systems complete Drive 4616 amplifier and 2MW amplifier connected via flexi and tuning stub Water system, air blowers and compressed air have all been on Filament test to 500Amps on tube All auxiliary power supplies have been checked out ok Safety paperwork needs completing before we power system Andrew Moss

Slide 50 FINAL COMMENTS MICE is a very challenging project, at the frontier between a particle physics experiment and an accelerator physics demonstrator It is a key R&D towards neutrino factory and muon collider We are making steady progress towards demonstration of Ionization Cooling We are not going as fast as we want – but we are learning a lot! Once MICE is built, equipped and completed, will remain competence and equipment for a Muon Cooling Test Facility (M-CTF ) – possibly for a next generation 6D cooling experiment meanwhile MICE are young, working hard & ingenuously, having fun ….