Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Coral University of Hawaii School of Engineering ArchitectureGuido Zimmermann Marcel Schuler University of applied siences Aargau, Switzerland EngineeringSarah Diegnan Stanford University, California ConstuctionChunyan Ge Stanford University, California OwnerChad Green

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Design Considerations Analysis: ­ Vision of a future school system ­ Information technology ­ Going wireless ­ Think-Tank

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Site information  Climate (Temperature and precipitation ) 95 (temperature) 50 (temperature) 0.2 inch/day(Precipitation) Finish foundation before Nov. Material suit for humid and warm weather. Hawaii Honolulu

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Steel (Popular in Hawaii) Concrete (A common material in Hawaii, easy to get) Bamboo ( For small project, a nature material) Plexiglass $20/SF (Plexiglass Roof) Wood (Traditional material, cheap and easy to get) Construction Material

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Site plan

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Design Loads Dead Loads Concrete Slab-38 psf Steel Deck psf Int. Partition-10 psf Girders - 30 plf Floor Beams – 20 plf Columns – 50 plf Misc – 12 psf Exterior Clad –25 psf Live Load Corridors psf Offices - 50 psf Classrooms - 50 psf Auditorium - 50 psf Lateral Load Wind Design Speed 80 MPH V = 105 kips Earthquake – Zone 4 UBC ’97 Unconsolidated sand/silt Piers to bed rock Mat Design Dead Load = 100 psf Design Live Load = 70 psf Lateral Load = Earthquake 18” Mat Foundation

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #1 Vision out of the site-context Maximum flexibility Exposure the center of the building

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #1 Floor 1 Floor 2 Floor 3 Faculty School (Class. Lab) Auditorium Technical Restroom Circulation Organisation Model 3D-Model Ground plan Legend

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #1 Structural Option 1 Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in-place Lateral System – SMRF perimeter with first floor concrete –Base Shear = 465 Kips W18X40W14X60 W14X48 Beams Girders Columns SMRF Vierendeel Truss Concrete Floor 1Floor 2, Connection

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #1 Structural Option 1 Gravity Lateral Load Paths

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #1 Structural Option 1 Structural System with Architecture

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #1 Structural Option 2 Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in-place concrete slab Lateral system – EBF Core –Base Shear = 567 Kips W14X40 6”X6” t=3/8” W14X43 Beams Girders Columns EBF Vierendeel Truss Concrete W14X43 W14X30W18X Floor 1Floor 2, 3 Connection

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #1 Structural Option 2 Gravity Lateral Load Path

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #1 Structural Option 2 Structural System with Architecture

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #1 Structural Option 1,2 38 Foot Cantilever Vierendeel Truss – unbraced frame

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Equipment Link-Belt HTC-8640 Hydraulic Truck Crane Selection Criteria: Maximum load; Maximum reach Costs; Site accessibility The Caterpillar Hydraulic Excavator

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation  Plexiglass roof: Construction Method. The costs may go up $10,846.  Excavated cost for sunken auditorium (20,000 cy) at about $40,000.  Steel SMRF more labor-intensive than EBF New-Solution #1 Construction IssuesConstruction Issues NPV is the net present value Structure budgetTotal budget Solution 1 – Construction Issues

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Solution 1: Schedule New-Solution #1 Structural Option 2 Milestone1: finished the foundation (Nov.25) Building enclosed (Mar. 5) The end of the project (May. 20)

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #2 Two cubes: school-/faculty-block Two vertical developments Classrooms oriented to the seaside

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #2 Floor 1 Floor 2 Floor 3 Faculty School (Class. Lab) Auditorium Technical Restroom Circulation Organisation Model 3D-Model Ground plan Legend

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #2 Structural Option1 Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in-place concrete Lateral System – Shear Wall Core and Special Concentrically Braced Frames Cantilever – 16’ 6”X6” t=3/8” W14X30 W18X50 W14X48 W18X86 Beams Girders Columns Concrete Cantilever Braces Shear Wall Floor 1Floor 2,3 12’ t=12” 14.5’ t=12”

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #2 Structural Option1 GravityLateral Load Path

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #2 Structural Option 1 Structural System with Architecture

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #2 Structural Option 2 Knee BracesShear Walls Timber Knee Brace Tie Strap Timber Columns Anchor Strap Wall End Wall Roof Simple Structure

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation New-Solution #2 Structural Option 2 Nail Couple Free body of Single sheet of Plywood Nail Couple Resist M M in BoardStud/Joist Shear Force Resisting Force

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Solution 2 – Construction Issues New-Solution #2 Structural Option1 Building is separated into 2 parts. The auditorium is sunken into the ground assuming that it has been excavated. Constructibility difficulties arise for sun protection. It is possible but increased costs.

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Solution 2 – Construction Issues New-Solution #2 Inflexible solar shading from aluminum lamella with different incline angles. Laminated coatings: vinyl films are used to provide nonmetallic color and long-lasting finish, and won’t aggregate heat in surrounding area.

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Solution 2 – Cost Estimate New-Solution #2 Structural Option1 Cost = $5.39M

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Solution 2 – Schedule New-Solution #2 Structural Option1 Milestone1: finished the foundation(Nov. 20) Building enclosed (Mar. 10) The end of the project (May 22)

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Solution 2 – Timber New-Solution #2 Structural Option2 AdvantageDisadvantage Material cheap and easy to get Overturning forces need deep foundation A traditional structure in Hawaii Decay and termite control Combine the advantage of steel and wood structure Separation of wood from Ground

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re - Design #1 Minimum intervention Architectural division: new cube / existing building

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re - Design #1 Floor 1 Floor 2 Floor 3 Public (Cafe, Gym) Faculty School (Class. Lab) Auditorium Technical Restroom Circulation Organisation Model 3D-Model Ground plan Legend

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #1 Structural Option 1 Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in- place concrete Lateral System – SMRF/Braced Frame Two Separate buildings

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #1 Structural Option 1 Bridge UBC Building Separation: All structures shall be separated from adjoining structures. Separation shall allow for the displacement D M. Adjacent buildings on the same property shall be separated by at least D MT where D MT = Ö (D M1 ) 2 + (D M2 ) 2 D M1 and D M2 and are the displacements of the adjacent buildings. When a structure adjoins a property line not common to the public way, that structure shall also be set back from the property line by at least the displacement D M of that structure. Hinge Connection Rest on top

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #1 Structural Option 1 Glass Rigid Connection to New Building Expansion Joint in between Emseal (

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #1 Structural Option 2 Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in- place concrete Lateral System – SMRF/Braced Frame Tie Buildings Together

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #1 Structural Option 2 Bridge UBC Ties and continuity : All parts of a structure shall be interconnected and the connections shall be capable of transmitting the seismic force induced by the parts being connected. As a minimum, any smaller portion of the building shall be tied to the remainder of the building with elements having at least a strength to resist.5CaI times the weight of the smaller portion. A positive connection for resisting a horizontal force acting parallel to the member shall not be less than.5CaI times the dead plus live load. Elements must resist.5CaIW = 79.2 kips

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #1 Structural Option 2 Glass  Mullions – Rigid Connections Braces – Simple Connections 

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #1 Structural Option1&2 Structural System with Architecture

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Underpinning foundation in the new part of the building The excavation is open excavation. We use standard wellpoint system to dewater the area prior to excavation. Re-Design #1 Structural Option1&2 Construction Issues

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Underpinning foundation Re-Design #1 Structural Option1&2 Construction Issues

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re - Design #2 Existing structure / new room organisation Natural exposure of rooms

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re - Design #2 Floor 1 Floor 2 Floor 3 Public (Cafe, Gym) Faculty School (Class. Lab) Auditorium Technical Restroom Circulation Organisation Model 3D-Model Ground plan Legend

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #2 Structural Option Gravity System – 5.5” cast-in-place concrete Lateral System – SMRF/Concentrically braced frames Cantilevered area with Café underneath – 9’ clear

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #2 Structural Option 1 Cantilever Non- Composite Beam design – W44 X 230

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #2 Structural Option 2 Simple Truss - still too large and does not meet architects standards

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #2 Structural Option 3 Complex Truss - Carries the load like a bridge

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Re-Design #2 Structural System with Architecture

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Redesign #1 and #2 Cost Estimate Total Cost: 935,000 Total CF of building: 76,000cf Underpinning Total Cost: 381,000 Total CF of building: 15,162cf Big cantilever

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Sample Iteration Solution 2 E developed preliminary structure C Had a problem with cladding A Adjusted plans for sun protection E Had problem with columns A Decided to adjust wall instead of columns- Produced 3D model A Developed Plans A/E/C Discussed cladding problem in NetMeeting

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Decision Matrix SolutionProsCons SMRF Simple Design, symmetric Flexible, Central Circulation Quick to erect Cantilever No reference to the location Cost more than EBF EBF Core Lateral Load Path Flexible, Central Circulation More connection Details, Cantilever No reference to the location Cost less Shear Wall Core Utilizes Stair-well Arrangement of the rooms analogous to utilization Easy material accessibility Accidental Torsion Require additional formwork Timber Unexplored Arrangement of the rooms analogous to utilization Cost less when space is small Fear of the unknown Not good for big space, need consider life cost Architect EngineerConstruction Manager

Coral-Team 2001 Winter Presentation Looking Ahead and Behind Behind We all did a good job of informing each other when work would be done and then sticking to it MSN Messenger is a great tool Switzerland is 9 hours ahead of PST Ahead More communication with work done More interaction with Mentors/Owners A tighter work schedule 3D/4D models