Spars and derricks Capt. K. De Baere
Spars Rondhouten Espars
Spars - definition Metal construction (cylindrical or square) to support cargo handling gear, navigation lights, radio antennas, flags and sails etc. Samson posts (mâtereau) – light construction often used to support radar or radio antennas, deck lightening also used as ventilation shaft Derrick posts (mât) – Heavier construction used to support the derricks Derrick (mât de charge)
Older ship
Rondhouten - Espars Fokkemast – mât de misaine Fokkesteng – mât de hune Grote mast – grand mât Grote steng – grand mât de hune Laadpalen – mât ou mâtereau Laadboom – mât de charge Gaffel – corne de vergue Vlaggestok – mât de pavillon Guesstok – mât de pavillon d’étrave
Staand tuig – Le gréement dormant Voorstag – l’étais de misaine Voorstengstag –l’étais de petit mât de hune Fokkewant – les manœuvres dormantes du mât de misaine Voorstengpardoen – galhauban(s) Grootstag – l’étais du grand mât Grootsteng gestag – l’étais du petit mât de hune Grootwant – les manœuvres dormantes du grand mât Grootstengpardoen – galhauban Achterstag – hauban Knikstag Schoorsteenstagen – les étais de la cheminée
Terminology ? – I think we are lucky
Lopend tuig – le gréement courant Boomhangers – martinets Antenne – l’antenne Vlaggelijnen - drisses
Idem dito !
Spars on a more modern coaster Kraanmast – pedestal + slewing bearing + crane house Radarmast and Christmastree Vlaggestok - flagstaff Geusstok – jack staff Fokkemast – foremast Kraanarmmik – jib support
Masts (mât) and Samson (mâtereau) posts On modern shipping very little standing rigging (gréement dormant) is used to keep the decks as free as possible Masts on general cargo ships are a lot heavier than on passenger ships or tankers Masts are self supporting and are passing through upper- and tweendecks
Parts of a modern mast – passing through several decks Mastkloot Pomme de mât Steng Le mât de hune Zadel Cross tree Ondermast Bas-mât
Parts of a modern mast Cross tree also serves as crow’s nest (nid de pie) Cross tree is used to fix the mast head span blocks (poulie de martinet) On a certain height above deck derrick supports are provided (to make the derricks sea fast) Mast, samson posts, derrick supports are often combined with ventilation shafts, deckhouses (des roufs) and entrances to the cargo holds (cales) beneath
Square mast – not supported Samson posts (mâtereau) Ventilation shaft (conduit de ventilation) also used as derrick support Heavy lift derrick (boom) (grosse bigue) Sea position of the derricks
Derrick - definition A derrick is a lifting device composed of one mast or pole which is hinged freely at the bottom. It is controlled by (usually 4) lines powered by some such means as man-hauling or motors, so that the pole can move in all 4 directions. A line runs up it and over its top with a hook on the end, The device was named after Thomas Derrick, an English executioner (beul – bourreau) from the Elizabethan era because of its resemblance of the frame from which a hangman's noose (strop – corde) hangs.
Heel fitting + gooseneck trunnion Derrick head Mast head span eye fitting Mast head span block Span rope Monkey face Span chain Topping lift Snatch block (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy Cargo runner Load hook
Derrick Heel fitting + gooseneck trunnion Derrick head Mast head span eye fitting Mast head span block Topping lift – span rope Monkey face Span chain Topping rope Snatch block (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy Cargo block Heel lead block Cargo runner Load hook Laadboom Lummelpot met lummel Nok van de boom Hangeroog aan de mast Hangerblok Hanger Walmplaat Hangerketting Boomtopper Voetblok (k-l-m-r) boomgeien Cargo blok Rammelblok Laadreep Laadhaak
Derrick Heel fitting + gooesneck trunnion Derrick head Mast head span eye fitting Mast head span block Topping lift – span rope Monkey face Span chain Topping rope Snatch block (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy Cargo block Heel lead block Cargo runner Load hook Mât ou corne de charge Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne Tête de corne Support de poulie de retour Poulie de retour ou poulie de martinet Palan de suspente - martinet Trèfle ou pallonier Chaine d’apiquage Cable d’apiquage Poulie de retour (k-l-m-r) pantoires de brassage Poulie de levage Cartahu – câble de levage Crochet de levage
Légende de la figure Mât de charge ou corne de charge Crapaudine Poulie de retour Mâterau Poulie de martinet Martinet Maille d’assemblage Chaîne de martinet Queue de martinet Polie de retour Palan de garde Poulie de charge Cartahu Crochet de charge Treuil de charge
Legende van de figuur Laadboom Lummel Voetblok of rammelblok Mast Hangerblok Hanger Walmplaat Hangerketting Boomtopper Voetblok Boomgeien Laadblok Laadreep Laadhaak Laadlier
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes Portal mast, mât portique Cross tree (or upper transverse beam), hunc (ou traverse supérieure). Mast head cargo lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de retour de levage en tête de mât. Mast head span bearing bracket, support de marionnette d’apiquage en tête de mât. Mast head span lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de retour d’apiquage en tête de mât. King post, mâtereau support de bigue. Heavy derrick boom, bigue. Derrick head span fitting, ferrement d’attache des palans d’apiquage en tête dc bigue. Derrick head cargo fitting, ferrement d’attache du palan de levage en tête de bigue.
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes Derrick heel fitting, ferrement de pied de bigue. Gooseneck trunnion, pivot dc pied dc bigue. Cargo winch, treuil de levage (ou treuil de charge). Cargo runner (or cargo rope, or hoisting rope, or lifting rope, or cargo fall), câble de levage, (ou câble de hissage, ou cartahu, ou garant de charge). Mast head cargo lead block, poulie de retour de levage en tête de mât. Cargo lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour de levage. derrick head built in sheave, réa incorporé en tête de bigue Shackles, manilles upper cargo (purchase) block (or derrick head cargo (purchase) block), poulie haute de levage (ou moufle supérieure de levage (ou moufle) supérieure de levage) Lower cargo block (or lower cargo purchase block), poulie basse de levage (ou moufle inférieure de levage).
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes Becket, ringot. Ramshorn hook, crochet double. Cargo tackle, palan de levage. Span winches (used also for slewing motions), treuils d’apiquage (utilisés également pour les mouvements de brassage). Span ropes, câbles d’apiquage. Mast head span lead block, poulie de retour d’apiquage en tête de mât Span lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour d’apiquage. Derrick head span (purchase) block (or lower span (purchase) block), poulie (ou moufle) d’apiquageen tête dc bigue (ou poulie basse d’apiquage, ou muoufle inférieure d’apiquage). Span triangle plate. trèfle (ou palonnier) d’apiquage. swivel, émerillon
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes Span block trunnion, marionnette d’apiquage. Double connecting fork, chape double de liason Mast head span (purchase) block (or upper span (purchase) block), poulie (ou moufle) d’apiquage en tête de mât (ou poulie basse d’apiquage ou mofle supérieure d’apiquage ). Span/slewing tackles, palans d’apiquage/brassage
Derricks - details Derricks are constructed out of Mannesman tubes Mannesman tubes have a larger diameter in the middle The bending moment (contrainte de flexion)is the greatest in the middle
Derrick Heel Gooseneck Fitting Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne Lummel (crapaudine), lummelpot en bevestiging rammelblok (poulie de retour)
Derrick Heel Gooseneck Fitting Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne Lummel, lummelpot en bevestiging rammelblok (poulie de retour)
Derrick head Mast head with provisions for the slewing guys (gardes – palans de brassage) Mast head support Span rope (to hold the derrick in a certain position)(câble dormant d’apiquage ou martinet) Cargo block Slewing guys (gardes – pantoires – palans de brassage)) Topping lift (to change the elevation of the derrick)(palan de suspente)
Span block fitting The hanger block (poulie de martinet) must be attached so it can follow the movements of the derrick
Running hanger – topping lift Heavy steel wire One end is attached at the mast head, the other end goes to the the topping winch Saw tooth drum edge (bords dentés du tambour) Blocking device (barre de bloquage avec poignée) Topping lift (Queue d’apiquage -> cargo winch) Span rope (martinet)
Topping/lowering a derrick Topping lift is fastened on f.i. on a cargo winch or topping winch When topping (heaving) the blocking bar rattles the indents on the drum edge When the correct elevation has been reached the blocking falls behind the indents When slacking the topping lift the tension is transferred to the the span rope If you want to lower the derrick the tension is transferred to the cargo winch by means of the topping lift. Hence the blocking bar can be lifted and the topping lift and span rope slacked
Cargo Blocks and Heel lead Blocks Used to guide the cargo runner (cartahu) SWL of the block = SWL on a single cargo runner The point of suspension (point de soutien) of the block (poulie) will carry twice this weight
Cargo Blocks and Heel lead Blocks
Lower cargo blocks (poulie de levage inferieur) and load hooks Safety hooks and variations
Cargo hooks (crochet de leave) – 1 sheave (réa)
Cargo hook – 2 sheaves (réa)
Different Cargo hooks
Heavy Duty models
Velle Derrick => 1 man operation Derricks are provided with 2 double topping/slewing guys (gardes – palans de brassage) Slewing guys: If one is slacked and the other one is heaved at the same time the derrick swings in the direction of the rope being shortened. Both slewing guys are directed to the same slewing winch but are mounted in opposite directions Topping winch Slewing Winch Treuil d’apiquage Treuil de brassage Same Sense Opposite sense
Velle Derrick Both other ends of the slewing/topping guys are directed to the topping winch but here they are mounted in the same sense. If the winch is operated both are turning in the same direction and the derrick is lowered or heaved up Spreader = Traversin = dwarsbalk
Velle Derrick
Velle Derricks MV Advantage 1 Stulcken derrick 150 MT 4 Velle derricks 35MT
Velle Derrick
Velle Derrick
Hallen Derrick Similar working principle to the Velle Patent. No Spreader (traversin) – Function has been taken by the very typical construction at the top of the mast
Hallen Derrick
Hallen Derrick
Heavy lift derricks Fully rigged heavy lift derrick in upright position (la grosse bigue avec gréement complet)
Heavy Lift Derrick Stulcken Patent
Heavy Lift Derrick Stulcken Patent
Stulcken 105 ton
Stulcken 150 ton
Revolving Cranes In revolving cranes, the entire topping moment (moment de suspente ou d’apiquage) that is working on the crane is transferred to the ship’s construction via the slewing bearing (roulement de rotation). This system, however, is not suitable for very large forces like the ones on heavy lift ships. Instead, derricks (mast cranes) are still used. A feature of a mast crane is that the crane is built on a heavy, fixed mast. The jib is attached in two places to a slewing platform.
Revolving Cranes The pulley block and the fixed top blocks (poulie de retour – poulie du martinet) (hangerblok & rammelblok) are located in the top of the mast. The top of the mast is free to rotate relative to the mast foundation and rotates together with the jib (flèche). The derricks described here often have no crane cabin. The crane is remotecontrolled by a control panel that either lies somewhere or is strapped onto the shoulders of an operator. The cranes depicted here are all driven electrically.
Mast Cranes The hook block (poulie de levage) is made so heavy that it slacks (larguer) itself. This is necessary, but requires a large weight because the runner (cartahu) is a very thick and therefore tough steel cable that does not slack easily.
2 Mast Cranes Working A Heavy Piece Of Cargo in Tandem
Mast Cranes
Legend Mast Jib Topping lift & running part of the hoisting rope Hook Block Cargo Hook Hook of auxiliary hoist Slewing bearing Mast foundation Hatch Anti-heeling tanks Top of the mast