1 The Reluctant Welfare State Chapters 9 & 10 Deyanira Gonzalez Aubrey Parker Sandy Turner October 21, 2002 Social Policy and Services 510

2 Presidents Roosevelt Truman Eisenhower Kennedy Johnson Nixon Ford Carter

3 Harry S. Truman 1946 Full Employment Act Society during this time was experiencing post WWII economic prosperity and uninterested in social reform.

4 Dwight D. Eisenhower “Every dollar spent on guns is a dollar not spent on humanitarian programs.” -DDE Social Security Expansion Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (1953).

5 John F. Kennedy Thought poverty was just a complex, solvable problem. “Fence Rider” Community Mental Health Centers Act. Increased military spending and decreased social spending.

6 Lyndon B. Johnson Perfect timing for the “War on Poverty” after JFK’s assassination – Equal Pay Act Civil Rights Act & Food Stamps Program Medicare & Medicaid. One criticism of Johnson was his “quantity vs. quality” approach to social policy.

7 Richard M. Nixon 1970 – Food Stamp Reform – Social Security Act Provision – Title XX of Social Security Act – Earned Income Tax Credit. High unemployment and inflation led to a reduction in social spending.

8 Gerald R. Ford Vetoed many social programs and limited legislation during his tenure. Due to the circumstances and length of his presidency, Ford was reluctant to make political waves.

9 James E. Carter, Jr. Enacted limited social legislation due to his political style as well as a difficult political and economic environment – Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act. Anti-abortion: prevented the use of Medicaid funds for abortions.

10 Increases in Social Spending In 20 years, social spending increased roughly five times the amount in The wide range of programs allowed families to improve their quality of life.

11 Outgroups Women  Sought equal rights and equal pay.  National Organization of Women formed by Betty Freidan. Homosexuals  National Institute of Mental Health declared homosexuals to be “normal” and promoted tolerance.  Gay Liberation Movement.

12 Outgroups Latinos  1950 – Cesar Chavez organized the United Farm Workers Organization. African Americans  : Martin Luther King, Jr. led nonviolent protests for equal civil rights.