Welcome David Culler, Randy Katz, Seth Sanders University of California, Berkeley LoCal Project Pretreat June 8, 2009 “Energy permits things to exist; information, to behave purposefully.” W. Ware, 1997

Introductions 2

Outline Project Introduction Research Plan Sketch Pretreat Agenda 3

4 What if the Energy Infrastructure were Designed like the Internet? Energy: the limited resource of the 21st Century Needed: Information Age approach to the Machine Age infrastructure Match load & supply through continuous observation and adjustment Lower cost, more incremental deployment, able to accommodate technology innovation Enhanced reliability and resilience through intelligence at the edges –Dumb grid, smart loads and supplies Packetized Energy: discrete units of energy locally generated, stored, and forwarded to where it is needed; enabling a market for energy exchange

Towards an Information Age Energy Infrastructure 5 Baseline + Dispatchable Tiers Distribution Transmission Generation Demand Nearly Oblivious Loads Non-Dispatchable Sources Interactive Dispatchable Loads ???

Energy Network Architecture Information exchanged whenever energy is transferred Loads are “Aware” and sculptable –Forecast demand, adjust according to availability / price, self-moderate Supplies negotiate with loads Storage, local generation, demand response are intrinsic 6

Information Overlay to the Energy Grid 7 Conventional Electric Grid Generation Transmission Distribution Load Intelligent Energy Network Load IPS Source IPS energy subnet Intelligent Power Switch Conventional Internet

8 Intelligent Power Switch (IPS) Energy Network PowerComm Interface Energy Storage Power Generation Host Load energy flows information flows Intelligent Power Switch PowerComm Interface: Network + Power connector Scale Down, Scale Out

9 Intelligent Power Switch Interconnects load to power sharing infrastructure Bundles communications with energy interconnection -- PowerComm interface Enables intelligent energy exchange Optionally incorporates energy generation and buffering –Potential to scale-down to individual loads, e.g., light bulb, refrigerator –Scale-up to neighborhoods, regions, etc. Overlay on the existing power grid

MultiScale Project PLjan 10 IPS comm power now Load profile w $ now Price profile w now Actual load w Data center IPS Bldg Energy Network IPS Internet Grid IPS Power proportional kernel Power proportional service manager Quality- Adaptive Service M/R Energy Net IPS AHU Chill CT

Pretreat Agenda (Mon) Introduction and Project Overview Local-ized Datacenter –State of the Art –Green Machines –Power Proportional Services in the Cloud –Discussion: Datacenter demand at the IPS Local-ized Grid –State of the art –Towards a supply/demand energy market –Discussion: Grid-facing IPS Local-ized Building –State of the art –High-fidelity building energy monitoring –Thermal / Electric Storage –Discussion: IPS aggregators Break (CITRIS GUTS TOUR) Breakout Planning Dinner Open Mic - The Future to Create Emerging Opportunities & Limits 11

Pretreat Agenda (Tue) 8-9:30 In-depth Breakouts Break 10:30-12: Technological GameChangers Breakout Lunch 1:00-2:30P: Breakout Presentations 2:30-4:00P: Feedback and plans 12

Possible Breakout Topics Topics * Energy Market Mechanism and Design * Using consumer action X to stabilize the grid - who's in the driver seat? * Impediments to a new architecture * New business models * What IPS do you build? * Is storage essential and what are the new ideas here? * How much load is sculptable? * Microgrid overlays * Turning renewable energy into information sources * Compelling demonstration * The value of higher fidelity information * Enhanced reliability by intelligence at the edges and simple core * Power proportionality * Who owns the information and how is it protected? * Is the grid a market or a broker? 13

14 “Doing Nothing Well” Existing systems sized for peak and designed for continuous activity –Reclaim the idle waste –Exploit huge gap in peak-to-average power consumption Continuous demand response –Challenge “always on” assumption –Realize potential of energy-proportionality From IT Equipment … –Better fine-grained idling, faster power shutdown/restoration –Pervasive support in operating systems and applications … to the OS for the Building … to the Grid