Gender and Development Framework SIPU ITP, 2011 Anja Taarup Nordlund

Why gender in development? Statistics: women and girls disadvantaged with less choices, resources and power than men and boys. Governments: agreed on gender equality and the empowerment of women. More and more research show that it pays of to be gender equal Copyright GenderFocus

1960s Welfare perspective 1970’s Bring the women into development! Mexico s Efficiency argument 1990s-2000 Gender analysis Power relations Empowerment Mainstreaming Beijing 1995 MDGs Copyright GenderFocus

WID and GAD 70s Practical needs Does not question inequities Does not question traditional roles of women. Women always beneficiaries Special projects 90s Practical and strategic gender needs. Power relations: women and men Goal: Empowerment and women’s autonomy Transform society in general Women and men are beneficiaries Mainstreaming Intersectionality Copyright GenderFocus

Analytical concepts 1.Sex - quantitative (dissagregated statistics) 2.Gender – qualitative (norms, values, power) 3.Division of labor and triple roles 4.Practical and strategic needs and interests 5.Access, control and benefit of resources 6.Intersectionality Copyright GenderFocus

3. Division of labor and different roles Women, men, girls and boys have different roles and division of labour Vary according to context Copyright GenderFocus

3. Productive work Production of goods and services. Generally perceived as men’s sphere. Women’s productive work is less visible and less valued than the productive work of men. Copyright GenderFocus

Kvinnoforum 3. Reproductive work Care and maintenance of the household and its’ members Generally perceived as women’s sphere and responsibility Generally not considered as “real” work, nor taken into account.

3. Community work Organisation of collective events (political, social, religious) Generally not taken into account in economic analysis Women’s community work generally less valued. Copyright GenderFocus

3. Women and men: Triple roles Women and men: three roles Clear gender differences within each sphere Men’s work may be women’s work in another context. Context specific. Copyright GenderFocus

4. Practical and strategic gender needs and interests Copyright GenderFocus Practical needs Immediate and related to everyday problems Response to these needs do not necessarily change the position of the woman or the man Water, fuel, transport…

4. Practical and strategic gender needs and interests Strategic needs Division of work, role and power Changes in gender relations and questions the subordination of women. Legislation, political participation, economic empowerment… Copyright GenderFocus

5. Resources Different types: Economic, productive, political, social, information, TIME Access to resources Control over the resources, decision- making Benefit of the use of the resources Copyright GenderFocus

6. Interseccionality ♀ ♂ AGE CULTURE ETHNICITY SOCIALCLASS DISABILITIES SEXUALITY OTHER… Copyright GenderFocus

Gender analysis Differences and relations (women, men, girls, boys) Quantitative and qualitative information Facts and analysis Can and should be done at all levels: – Micro to macro – Different phases of the program management cycle – All sectors According to sector and level – methods vary Copyright GenderFocus

A gender analysis highlights the differences between women, men, girls and boys in terms of their relative distribution of resources, opportunities, constraints and power in a given context. Sida Gender Mainstreaming Manual 2008 Copyright GenderFocus

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