By: Eddie Oldfield Mapping for Public Health, Environment, and Public Safety

The Greenhouse Effect Earth’s surface is heated by the sun and radiates the heat back out towards space Solar energy from the sun passes through the atmosphere Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat Some energy is reflected back out to space L’Effet de Serre

What’s wrong warmer temperatures? with

More severe weather events Longer and more intense heat waves worse airworse air pollution pollution increase inincrease in heat-related heat-related illness illness Droughts Lowered freshwater levels Sea-level rise on all three coasts Spread of Infectious Diseases Impacts

National Geographic, August 2005 City Beneath the Sea! Hurricane Katrina hits New Orleans Warmer water

Sea-Level Rise & Storm Surges

VictoriaCalgaryWinnipegLondonQuebecFredericton Days/Year Daily Maximum Temperature >30°C or >35°C > 30 C ( ) > 30 C (2 X CO2) Projected Number of Hot Days Per Year > 35 C (2 X CO2) Warmer Temperatures, Worsening Air Quality, and Human Health?

Mortality in Paris June-August 2003 Source: INVS, in one day

Global warming killed 150,000 people in 2000 and the death toll could double again in the next 30 years if current trends are not reversed One heat wave killed 20,000 people in Europe alone (in 2003) - -World Health Organization Current: 0.6 degrees Celcius warmer Arctic has experienced 20% decrease in ice extent in 30 years 1.5 degrees warmer 8 million additional people at risk of coastal flooding 20 million additional people at risk from hunger 150 million additional people at risk from malaria 18% of species to extinction Health Outcomes

Expected Global Impacts 3 degrees warmer Near total loss of Arctic Ice 100 million additional people at risk of coastal flooding 300 million additional people at risk of malaria 3 billion people at risk of water shortage Meltdown of Greenland ice sheet – several meters of sea level rise The earth becomes a net contributor to CO2 emissions (melting permafrosts, erosion of soils and vegetation, desertification) 4-5 degrees warmer Thermohaline shutdown probability over 50% Source: Pembina Institute

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change In 1997, over 150 countries agreed to establish the Kyoto Protocol

Welcome to Kyoto The Kyoto Protocol became international law on February 16, 2005 The first meeting of the UNFCCC (signatories to Kyoto) will take place in Montreal, November, 2005

New Brunswick Lung Association Hosts Hub – Delivers One Tonne Challenge Communities: Delivers Partners for Climate Protection in NB – Goal: greenhouse gas reduction Fleet Challenge (fuel efficiency) Healthy Homes, Schools, and Workplaces (energy efficiency and indoor air quality) International Center for Air Quality and Health (research and advocacy – NorthEast) Environmental-Health Mapping portal

Community Health Maps

Linking climate, air quality, and health care capacity

User Queries User Requirements are met Spatial Modeling and Analysis e.g. Disease Clustering; Flood Zones Data Integration Web-GIS Delivery Channels Meteorological Data Health Data Population / Demographic Data Land Features Case / location-specific Spatial data Data: The value of GIS:

NB Lung WMS DB CGDI Services CGDI - enabled WMS WFS WMS Client Interface System Administrator Interface OGC Standards (interoperability) Discovery Portal Data Model 

City of Moncton

Add slide showing graph / map, air quality + health in a community

Next Steps Establish Working Group for Health Research and Mapping Establish Multi-disciplinary advisory group for early warning systems and health / safety planning tools Enhance NBLA Mapping System, integrate and model spatial data, conduct statistical and epidemiological analysis, provide policy-relevant information and disseminate knowledge to community-of-practice. Engage and train community of practice (e.g. public health professionals) Build upon partnerships

Break-Out Groups We want: To know what user requirements are (your needs) To know what user requirements are (your needs) To know what data is needed To know what data is needed To build a data model and focus spatial analysis / map- based research To build a data model and focus spatial analysis / map- based research To discuss how data is delivered to: doctors, nurses, health planners, hospital managers, health emergency officials, researchers, general public To discuss how data is delivered to: doctors, nurses, health planners, hospital managers, health emergency officials, researchers, general public To engage / train public health professionals To engage / train public health professionals

GROUP 1: Patti Parker - focus: health issues and requirements GROUP 2: Barb MacKinnon – focus: environmental-health policy / maps, training and user engagement, data needs, decision-support requirements GROUP 3: Michael Sutherland – focus: cross-linkages between health, environment, public safety, and aboriginal communities; + delivery channels GROUP 4: Dave Loukes – focus: standards-based web mapping development, map technology requirements, infrastructure requirements / policy, data privacy and security Break-Out Groups