Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Many Roads To Home Paul Flynn

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing LAN Roads  UTP  STP  Coaxial  Fiber Optics

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)  Relies on cancellation to reduce EMI  Precise specifications for the number of twists per braid  Resistance = 100 ohms  Be sure to handle & inspect our classroom sample of UTP

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Advantages  Easy to install  Least expensive of all media  Small diameter of cable  Proper termination procedures insures reliable connection

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Disadvantages  More prone to EMI/RFI than any other cable  Shortest allowable length of any other cable. Know these specs!!

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)  All the advantages and disadvantages of UTP.  Foil shields provide greater protection against EMI & RFI.  Increased cost of cable  Be sure to handle & inspect our classroom sample of STP Know these specs!!

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Coaxial Cable Advantages  Longer cable runs than UTP & STP (up to 500m)  Cheaper than using fiber for your backbone  Technology is well known (Cable TV)  Better at reducing EMI than UTP or STP

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Coaxial Cable Disadvantages  Thickness of cable  Copper shielding must be grounded at both ends of the connection  No longer used as a LAN media

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Coaxial Cable  Know these diagramed parts & their purpose  Be sure to handle & inspect our classroom samples of coaxial cable Know these specs!!

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Fiber Optics  Know these diagramed parts & their purpose Advantages Longer runs than any other cable (2km) Higher data rates than any other cable (>100Mbps) NO EMI!!

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Fiber Optics Disadvantages  Very expensive!!  Difficult to install Therefore, fiber is used only for backbone installations. Know these specs!!

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing The “Standards Guys”  ISO—International Standards Organization  IEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers  TIA—Telecommunications Industry Association  EIA—Electronics Industry Association  UL—Underwriters Laboratories

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingTIA/EIA  TIA & EIA issue standards together for technologies that involve both telecommunications & electronics.  TIA & EIA have had the greatest impact on networking media standards  TIA/EIA 568A is the cable standard we will use when making our cables

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing TIA/EIA 568A Overview  Specifies cable performance & termination procedures for horizontal cabling  Six categories (CAT 1 to CAT 6)  CAT 5 media includes UTP, STP, Coaxial & Fiber  CAT 5 UTP is most common

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Horizontal v. Vertical Cabling  Horizontal Cabling includes all cabling that runs from work areas to the wiring closet.  Example: All Cat 5 UTP cabling in this classroom is horizontal cabling  Vertical Cabling is another name for backbone cabling.  Example:The fiber optic cabling at Carroll High School is vertical cabling

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Horizontal Cabling (TIA/EIA 568A) Work Station (Patch Cable) Horizontal Cable Run Cross-Connect Jumpers (Patch Cable) 3m 90m 6m + + = 99m...or approx. 100 meters for CAT 5 UTP

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing IEEE (10Base-T Ethernet)  Emerged out of Hawaii’s need to connect islands (Aloha standard)  Has become the “chosen” LAN technology  Includes specifications for both Layer 1 & Layer 2  Your skill in implementation will migrate to 100Base-TX & 1000Base-T

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing IEEE Layer 1 Components  Passive Components (do not add energy)  Cabling  Connectors  Jacks  Patch Panels  Active Components (adds energy)  Repeaters, Transceivers, & Hubs Let’s briefly look at each passive component

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing 10Base-T Cabling  Cat 5 Cable is a Layer 1 component  It carries bits!  CAT 5 is the 10Base-T standard cable  The twisting of wires limits signal degradation through cancellation. See Picture in Curriculum Page 5.4.3

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing 10Base-T Connectors  Standard 10Base-T Termination is the Registered Jack-45  Similar to phone plug except the RJ-45 has 8 pins instead of 4 pins  Reduces noise, reflection, & mechanical stability problems See Picture in Curriculum Page 5.4.2

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing 10Base-T Jacks  RJ-45 Jacks have 8 conductors that match the RJ-45 plug’s connectors. See Picture in Curriculum Page 5.4.4

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing 10Base-T Patch Panels  Patch panels are used to conveniently group a work area’s connections  One side has a place for each RJ-45 plug  The back side has punch down blocks that provide connectivity See Pictures in Curriculum Page 5.4.5

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingCollisions

Collision Review  Collisions occur in broadcast topologies where devices are attached to a shared media.  Shared media is like shared highways.  Layer 1 devices will not solve collision problems.  Layer 1 devices simply extend collision domains

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Collision Domains  Collision Domains are the area where collisions occur.  Layer 1 devices will not separate (segment) collision domains.  How many collision domains with…  A repeater?  A hub?  A repeater and a hub?

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Collision Domain Segmentation  Segmentation is the process of dividing a collision domain into two or more collision domains.  Layer 1 devices will not segment a collision domain. Why?  The only way to segment a collision domain is to use a device that can filter network traffic.  What devices are capable of filtering?

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Topology Overview

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Linear Bus  All nodes directly connected to one physical link

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingRing  Each node connected only to adjacent nodes.

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of ComputingStar  Advantage: all nodes can easily communicate  Disadvantage: core node failure

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Extended Star  Each end node of the core acts as its own star topology

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Hierarchical Topology  Also called a tree topology  No central node  Two types:  Binary Tree-each node splits off into two nodes  Backbone Tree-like at Carroll High School Which type is this graphic?

Institute of Technology Sligo - Dept of Computing Complete Mesh  What’s unique about this topology?

Good Luck on the Test!!