Plan for Week 7 (Oct 5 & 7) n Tuesday -Review exam -Review powerpoint on resistive exercise equipment n Thursday -Visit rec center -Derek Walters, Associate Director

Cost of Aerobic Exercise Equipment at Rec Complex n Stationary Bicycles -Uprights $1436-$2471 -Recumbents $1798-$3634 n Treadmills$4695-$7995 n Rowers$680 n Stepping machines$1779-$3199 n Elliptical$2850-$4000 n Cybex Arc Trainer ($ ) LifeFitness n CrossTrainer ($ ) SciFit Total Body

Methods for Resistive Equipment Selection n Apply relevant scientific principles to evaluate claims -Biomechanical -Physiological -Psychological -Use it yourself at conferences or health clubs n Product reviews in fitness magazines (Club Industry, Athletic Business, Fitness Management) n Try it yourself and take a tall or short person with you n Consult with experts who supervise its use, or other professionals (e.g., professors in area of expertise) n Look at research available, if any n Evaluate quality of research -Who sponsored research? -Peer-reviewed presentation?

Relevant Questions for Resistive Equipment Selection (Criteria) n Can you apply specificity principles appropriately? -Type of contraction, movement pattern, speed -Carryover to living in gravitational environment? n Is resistance enough to accomodate your strength ? n Does it fit different sized people? n Is it safe? n Is it uncomplicated to use (user friendly) n Is there scientific evidence to support manufacturer’s claims? n Does the equipment follow a normal neuromuscular pattern? n If variable resistance, does resistance follow normal strength-position curve? n Does it have motivation-enhancing features?

Resistive Exercise Equipment n Simple and handy devices (plastic bottles, rubber tubing, springs) -adv - cheap, convenient -disadv - no versatility in direction, force, speed n Constant resistance training devices (free wts, body wt) -adv – convenient to use, cheap, balance needed, portable, motivation -disadv - safety, inconvenient to change wts, no versatility indirection, speed n Gravity-dependent resistance machines (circular pulleys) -adv - safety, convenient to change wts, versatility in force direction, motivation - disadv - cost, balance not required

Gravity-dependent Resistance Wt Machine Concentric and eccentric contraction of agonists only!

Resistive Equipment (cont’d) n Variable resistance wt machine (CAMS or roller on bar) -adv - variable resistance as well as direction of force app, motivation - disadv - cost, no versatility in speed n Isokinetic devices (same speed) - Adv - speed specific, vary force during movement (great for rehab) -Disadv - motivation, cost n Computer-assisted devices (can control either speed or resistance) - adv - variable resistance & speed, motivation, permanent record - disadv - cost

Variable Resistance Weight Machine Concentric and eccentric contraction of agonists only!

Computerized Exercise Machine Agonists and antagonists Concentric contraction only!

Pneumatic Resistance (air, two-way) Agonists and antagonists Concentric contraction only!

Isokinetic (accomodating) Resistance (one-way) Agonists concentric contraction only!

Hydraulic Resistance Agonists and antagonists Concentric contraction only!

Elastic Resistance Bowflex:Soloflex: Agonists only, concentric & eccentric contraction

Exercise Equipment of Questionable Value n Devices to vibrate, melt, or massage away fat n Stretching, pulling, or pushing devices n Wearing or carrying weights n Rebounders or minitrampolines - Exerlopers -Exerlopers Fitness Systems - Home PageExerlopers Fitness Systems - Home Page n Healthrider: - Fitness Equipment: IndexFitness Equipment: Index n Gazelle, or healthstrider: -Fitnessquest home pageFitnessquest home page n Electrical stimulation -Electrical Muscle StimulatorElectrical Muscle Stimulator

Websites for Abdominal Exercise Equipment n Ace Home Page Ace Home Page

Abdominal Muscle Review

Situp Exercises: Which methods are Potentially harmful? In what way?

Costs of Resistive Equipment at Rec Center n Free weights -Benches $660; dumbbell set $1,300; Rack for dumbbells $585; Olumpic weight set $1,650 n Plate loaded weight machines - $1,500-$1,700 n VRI station (variable resistance one axis) - $1,700-$3,900 n VRII station (variable resistance, 2 axes) - $2,300- $4,000 n Isokinetic (accomodating resistance) - $10,000 n Computer-controlled - $20,000