MPI-BGC contribution to the CE Regional Experiment: First Results and Outlook Christoph Gerbig Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry Acknowledgements: Bruno Neininger, Joel Giger, Han Bär (MetAir) Stefan Körner, Armin Jordan, Michael Rothe (BGC) Uwe Rascher, Heiner Geiss (FZJ) Thorsten Warneke, Justus Notholt MetAir

Flask sampling (CO 2, CO, CH 4, SF 6, N 2 O, H 2, 13 C and 18 O in CO 2 ) –240 flasks sampled aboard Piper Aztec, synchronized via recorded pressure transducer signal –120 flasks sampled aboard Eco Dimona, synchronized via signal during closing –All flasks analyzed at Jena GasLab Eco Dimona flights (90% funded by MPI-BGC, 10% CE) –11 flights (42 hours) mostly in the LesLandes Region (apart from transits) STILT forecasting for online flight planning support –Airmass history forecast for up to 6 days –ECMWF and ALADIN winds –3 different receptors (Biscarosse, La Cap Sud, Marmande) Jena Contribution

Eco Dimona flights

IOP2: –24th May: transit + science flight Bremgarten – Saucats –25th May 2005: exploratory flight, testing flight planning, flexibility, and comunication with ATC and military (worked perfect). –26th May 2005 morning: first part of a Lagrangian. –26th May 2005 afternoon: second part of a Lagrangian, northern measurement area might be same airmass as measured in the morning. –27th May 2005 morning: following the constant level balloon released at La Cap Sud in the morning. –27th May 2005 afternoon: intercepting the constant level balloon released at La Cap Sud in the afternoon. Eco Dimona flights

IOP4: –6th June: Lagrangian from North of Arcachon to La Cap Sud, with help from constant level balloon released at La Cap Sud in the afternoon –7th June: Chasing the Bordeax plume towards the Biscarosse Tower, evidence of a sea breeze. IOP5: –14th June: Lagrangian in a nearly ideal westerly flow situation. –15th June: Attempted Lagrangian under flow with strong layering and windshear. This will be a critical test and a challenge for models. Radiation was reduced due to clouds (changed rtio direct/diffuse light). –17th June: transit + science flight Bremgarten – Saucats Eco Dimona flights

Eco Dimona flights: 27 May, Afternoon CO 2 Theta H2OH2O intercepting the constant level balloon released at La Cap Sud in the afternoon (track indicated by blue arrow)

CO NO x aerosols Pollutants and photo-oxidants Eco Dimona flights: 27 May, Afternoon O3O3 quicklooks:

Flask weighting function flushing ~exp(-(t 0 -t)/tau) filling ~dp/dt (based on measured flask pressure)

174 Flask results (Piper Aztec)

112 Flask results (Eco Dimona)

FTIR data CE Regional Experiment 2005 (Thorsten Warneke, U. Bremen) 08 May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May June June June June June June June June June 2005* 14 June 2005* 17 June 2005* 18 June 2005* 22 June 2005* 26 June 2005 * Five clearest days

FTIR data CE Regional Experiment 2005 (Thorsten Warneke, U. Bremen) CO – 6265 cm – 6380 cm -1 O – 8050 cm -1 Wavenumber (cm -1 ) Tran smis sion Fig. 1: Spectral region used for the CO 2 -retrieval

FTIR data 26 May 2005 (IOP2, 1st part of Lagrangian)

ROAM (Receptor Oriented Atmospheric Model) adaptation to LesLandes: –boundary data: coupling to TM3 global model, or based on Climatology (like in US), or nested inversion (later) –Fossil fuel emission inventory data: IER Stuttgart –Open >> COLABORATION << with respect to Biosphere modeling Possible: improving biosphere from simple light and temperature sensitivity towards Modis EVI approach (VPM from Xiangming Xiao, UNH) Future plans

mixed layer heights Radar vs. STILT STILT z i Radar z i STILT z i Radar z i STILT z i Radar z i STILT z i Radar z i STILT z i Radar z i STILT z i Radar z i STILT z i Radar z i Local time Radar data: NOAA ETL (Courtesy of J. M. Wilczak) STILT: EDAS meteorology

VPRM (Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model, Devan Pathmathevan, Harvard University) -based on VPM from Xiangming Xiao, UNH Diagnostic Biosphere

VPRM results for US 2003 Diagnostic Biosphere

Potential from Hyperspectral data (Collaboration with Uwe Rascher, Research Center Jülich) –deriving vegetation cover and light use efficiency (LUE) from hyperspectral reflectance data (absorbance properties) –improving the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) to predict LUE across different plant ecosystems –quantifying the spatio-temporal variability of the landscape by extrapolation from flight track to region –reducing uncertainties by including physiological changes in LUE into carbon and water modelling –quantifying stress (environmental) induced limitations of photosynthetic carbon/water exchange –identifying different photosynthetic capacities of the different plant ecosystems Future plans Hyperspectral scanner

Related activity: Modeling of the near-field transport around tall-tower sites with WRF (weather research forecasting) model –Using WRF for modeling the near-field transport for trace gas data interpretation and inverse modeling studies at the tall towers operated by Jena. –Evaluation phase: WRF is currently being set up for runs within the CE regional experiment area –Future coupling to STILT, or using adjoint –Developer: Ravan Ahmadov (recently hired Postdoc at MPI-BGC) Future plans

STILT runs driven by ECMWF, ALADIN, Meso-NH for all Piper and Dimona flight tracks ROAM (Receptor Oriented Atmospheric Model) adaptation to LesLandes Potential from Hyperspectral data (Collaboration with Uwe Rascher, Research Center Jülich) Related activity: WRF modeling of the near-field transport around tall-tower sites Summary Future plans Flights can be executed in a flexible fashion in Europe, comparable to the US. Lagrangian flight patterns could be flown under different conditions, with a strong potential to constrain regional scale fluxes CLB tracking seems a valuable approach for Lagrangian flights Strong gradients where found, especially in the vicinity of the coast. Main findings (so far)

FTIR data 24 May 2005

FTIR data 25 May 2005

FTIR data 27 May 2005

FTIR data 6 June 2005

FTIR data 14 June 2005

FTIR data 17 June 2005

IOP4: –6th June: Lagrangian from North of Arcachon to La Cap Sud, with help from constant level balloon released at La Cap Sud in the afternoon –7th June: Chasing the Bordeax plume towards the Biscarosse Tower, evidence of a sea breeze. IOP5: –14th June: Lagrangian in a nearly ideal westerly flow situation. –15th June: Attempted Lagrangian under flow with strong layering and windshear. This will be a critical test and a challenge for models. Radiation was reduced due to clouds (changed rtio direct/diffuse light). –17th June: transit + science flight Bremgarten – Saucats Eco Dimona flights

Flights can be executed in a flexible fashion in Europe, comparable to the US. –Previous fears that only flight plans filed a year in advance can be flown, could not been confirmed. Communication with ATC and Military operations was excellent and professional. Lagrangian flight patterns could be flown under different conditions, with a strong potential to constrain regional scale fluxes –(May 26a: upstream, b=downstream; May 27a: following morning CLB; May 27 b: following afternoon CLB; June 6: north-west wind; June 7: Bordeaux plume; June 14: westerly; June 15: south-west, complicated) CLB tracking seems a valuable approach for Lagrangian flights –It is crucial that the balloon stays within the mixed layer rather than above (achieved on the attempt in the afternoon of May 27) –More simultaneous would be better Strong gradients where found, especially in the vicinity of the coast. –associated with sea breeze circulation –tracer data valuable in assessing the capability of the models to capture transport effects associated with such mesoscale circulations. Main findings (so far)