The final is one week from yesterday Same format as prelims, but longer 7-9:30pm, Wednesday night, in Baker Lab Bring #2 pencils, erasers, etc. Please.

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Presentation transcript:

The final is one week from yesterday Same format as prelims, but longer 7-9:30pm, Wednesday night, in Baker Lab Bring #2 pencils, erasers, etc. Please consider donating your textbook Thanks for a great semester! Always feel free to (or visit) me with any astronomy or planetary science questions

You should review: Lecture notes Textbook (assigned reading) Homework Prelims Practice prelims Review sessions: Mon, Tues, 2-3:30, SSB 105

Yes, there is a lecture on Friday Prof. Squyres talking about life in the Universe Last chance to hand in Planet Walk extra credit assignment Also, it’s a scheduled day of class

Primordial Soup Julia Child video: primordial-soup/ primordial-soup/

Extremophiles Yellowstone: Cyanidium lives in water with pH 2-3 Images from Salt crystal: Halobacteria in brine inclusions (red stuff is bacteria!) S. African gold mine: Bacillus infernus lives inside rocks 3km underground

Tardigrades! Image from

Part 1: General concepts about the Solar System Celestial Sphere Sidereal vs. synodic days Seasons Phases of the Moon Tides Kepler’s laws Spectra Eclipses

Part 2: The inner Solar System Mercury, Venus, Earth, the Moon, Mars Interiors (including seismology) Surfaces (impacts, volcanism, tectonics, erosion) Atmospheres (including compositions) Climate and climate change (Earth and Mars) The Greenhouse Effect

Part 3: Small bodies and the outer Solar System Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (sizes, similarities, differences, interiors, atmospheres) Asteroids, comets, meteorites Pluto and the trans-Neptunian region Jovian satellites (including the Galilean satellites) Ice giants vs. gas giants Impacts Rings Resonance and tidal heating

Part 4: Origins Solar system formation Planet formation The Sun Exoplanets Exobiology Life in the Universe

The Celestial Sphere

Image from Sidereal vs. Synodic

Seasons Image from

Phases of the Moon

Tides II Image from

Spectroscopy Images from Energy level diagram Types of Spectra

Blackbody Radiation Image from

Solar Eclipses Image from

Lunar Eclipses Image from

Surface Processes Erosion Tectonics Volcanism Impacts Images from and

Earth’s interior, cont. P waveS wave

The Greenhouse Effect

Earth’s atmosphere Gas NameChemical FormulaPercent Volume NitrogenN278.08% OxygenO220.95% *WaterH2O0 to 4% ArgonAr0.93% *Carbon DioxideCO % NeonNe0.0018% HeliumHe0.0005% *MethaneCH % HydrogenH % *Nitrous OxideN2O % *OzoneO % * variable gases From

Origin of the Moon Sisters? Fission? Capture? Giant impact

Mercury’s day and year 3 days every 2 years Animations…. – Rotation and orbit: – The Sun in the sky:

Venus Images from and VisibleUV Radar

Plate tectonics Image from

Earth’s magnetic field and plate tectonics Image modified from

Radar imaging Images from and Dark is smooth Rough is bright

Terrestrial planet interiors Image from

Gas giants and ice giants JupiterSaturnUranusNeptune Semimajor axis (AU) Temperature125 K95 K60 K Radius (R Earth ) Density (g/cm 3 ) Spin Period (hrs)~ 10 ~17~ 16 Atm. Comp. (%) H He methane x x to 1?

Giant Planet Interiors Image from

Giant Planet Atmospheres Image from

Kuiper Belt vs. Oort Cloud

Dwarf planets are small

The Galilean moons From

Europa, Ganymede and Callisto Image from

Io’s tidal heating Images from Elliptical orbit caused by orbital resonance Synchronous rotation

Solar System formation Cloud of interstellar gas/dust Protostar + disk Planetary embryos, planetesimals “Heavy Bombardment”/ “Late Heavy Bombardment” Planets, asteroid belt, Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud Image from

Hunting planets Radial velocity (Doppler shifts) Astrometry Transits Direct detection

The Sun Images from