Important reminders Your fieldwork hours and write ups are due TODAY. For Period 4 only, tomorrow is the last day to turn in make up work. If you have any discrepancies / questions about your grade, come see me tomorrow during nutrition or lunch. Final will be 60 multiple choice questions. 30 will be based on the Assessment (NOT EXACT QUESTIONS) and 30 will be on heredity and the field trip.

NOTES # 8: Heredity Heredity

I.Genetics A) Gregor Mendel monk who experimented with pea plants Study of heredity B) Heredity how genes are passed from parent to offspring

II.Terms A) Gene: part of DNA that contains information for one trait B) allele alternate forms of a gene (E or e) 1) dominant: trait that is fully expressed represented with capital letter 2) recessive: trait that is expressed if no dominants represented by lower case letter

C) Genotype letters representing genetic makeup D) Phenotype how these genes are expressed E) Homozygous same alleles (EE, ee) F) Heterozygous opposite alleles (Ee, eE)

III.Cell Structure A) Cell: basic unit that composes all organisms B) Nucleus: large organelle that contains genetic material C) Chromosomes: (46 / 23 pairs) structure made of DNA and protein D) DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Molecule that contains traits. E) Gene: section of DNA containing information for a trait. F) nucleotide: monomer for nucleic acids

Mendel’s Experiment Pea plants True breeding (P1 - self pollinated) homozygous F1 (cross the 2 P1 phenotypes) all heterozygous F2 (self pollinate) always 3:1 ratio

IV. Practice P 172: Analyzing a test cross # 1-4 P 174: Predicting the results of crosses using probabilities # 1-4 Study figure 12 then answer P 176: Evaluating a pedigree 1-3 P 184: Performance Zone #5, grizzly book, #10 in polar bear book To Study the genetics section, review the Performance Zone Questions at the end of the chapter! You have 45 minutes to compete all of these.

P 172: Analyzing a test cross # 1-4 P p p p

p Pp pp P (PP) = P (Pp) = P (pp) =

P p p Pp pp P (PP) = P (Pp) = P (pp) = 0 0.5

C c c c

P 172 1) genotypes of parents 2) possible genotypes of offspring 3) 4 Pp: 0PP: 0pp 4) heterozygous

P 174 1) ¼ 2) ½ 3) 1 4) 0

P 176 1) Autosomal recessive 2) homozygous 3) ½

P 184, #10 C. sex-linked and dominant