An Introduction to Exercise and Sport Physiology Prepared By: Daniel Guzman Derek Maxwell
Chapter Overview Definition History Responses to Exercise Ergometers Specificity of Exercise Testing Training Principles Research Methodology
Definition Physiology of exercise is made up of both anatomy and physiology Anatomy - Study of the body’s structures Physiology- Study of the body’s functions
Definition Physiology of Exercise: Is the study of how the human body adapts or alters its structures and functions to physical stress.
History Early explanations of physiology were either vague or incorrect Microscope
History The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory Had the greatest impact on Physiology of Exercise. Laid the foundation for what is now modern exercise and physiology Nevada desert, Mississippi Delta, White MTN. Was the mecca of exercise physiology
Responses to Exercise Acute Response How the body responds to a bout of exercise Factors that may alter an acute response Temperature, humidity Amount of noise Food intake
Acute Response Table
Responses to Exercise Chronic Adaptations Adaptations the body makes when challenged with repeated bouts of exercise Improves exercise capacity and efficiency.
Ergometers An ergometer is an exercise device that allows the amount and rate of a persons physical work to be controlled and measured. ergo = work meter = measure
Types of Ergometers The Cycle Ergometer Advantages Ease of taking blood pressure and blood sampling Amount of work is independent of body weight Disadvantages Legs become fatigued before the rest of the body Peak physiological variables are frequently lower than with other Ergometers
The Treadmill Advantages Disadvantages Doesn’t need to be closely monitored due to the belt speed Adaptability: everyone walks Disadvantages More expensive Portability When the treadmill requires jogging, taking blood pressure is difficult
The Swimming Flume Advantages Disadvantages Allows swimmers to accurately simulate their natural style while being closely observed. Disadvantages Very expensive
Specificity of Exercise Testing When using an ergometer for testing: Select an ergometer that most closely approximates the activity of the given individual being tested.
Training Principles Specificity Disuse Progressive Overload Hard/Easy Periodization
Specificity Optimal performance in a given activity Example: A swimmer would train by swimming, not by running.
Disuse Use it or lose it Example: If a marathon runner stops running, he won’t be able to run marathons anymore.
Progressive Overload Increasing your physical capabilities by loading beyond the point to which you are normally used to Example: A short distance runner would run slightly longer distances every week until he can run a marathon.
Hard/Easy Incorporate both hard and easy workouts into your training routine. Example: On a day following a high intensity workout, prescribe an easy training day so that the body can rest.
Research Methodology Research Design Cross-sectional research design A large population is tested at the same time. Physiological differences between groups within the population are used to estimate change. Longitudinal Design Individuals are tested more than once to measure changes over time.
Research Methodology Longitudinal studies are generally the most accurate for studying a problem. Cross-sectional studies are used usually when longitudinal studies are not possible.
Chapter Conclusion Definition History Responses to Exercise Ergometers Specificity of Exercise Testing Training Principles Research Methodology