Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002

or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work? Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002 or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work? Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002

Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Psychology - Information Studies & Education

Scientific Approach (beyond user friendly)  Specify users and tasks  Predict and measure time to learntime to learn speed of performancespeed of performance rate of human errorsrate of human errors human retention over timehuman retention over time  Assess subjective satisfaction (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction)  Accommodate individual differences  Consider social, organizational & cultural context

Design Issues   Input devices & strategies Keyboards, pointing devices, voice Direct manipulation Menus, forms, commands   Output devices & formats Screens, windows, color, sound Text, tables, graphics Instructions, messages, help   Collaboration & communities   Manuals, tutorials, training usableweb.com useit.com

Library of Congress  Scholars, Journalists, Citizens  Teachers, Students

Visible Human Explorer (NLM)  Doctors  Surgeons  Researchers  Students

NASA Environmental Data  Scientists  Farmers  Land planners  Students

Bureau of Census  Economists, Policy makers, Journalists  Teachers, Students

Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think   Visual bandwidth is enormous Human perceptual skills are remarkable Trend, cluster, gap, outlier... Color, size, shape, proximity... Human image storage is fast and vast   Opportunities Spatial layouts & coordination Information visualization Scientific visualization & simulation Telepresence & augmented reality Virtual environments

Fisheye views and Zooming User Interfaces   Distortion to magnify areas of interest User-control, zoom factors of 3-5   Multi-scale spaces Zoom in/out & Pan left/right   Smooth zooming   Semantic zooming

GlassEye (see Hochheiser paper in

Spectrum of 3-D Visualizations   Immersive Virtual Environment with head-mounted stereo display and head tracking   Desktop 3-D for 3-D worlds medical, architectural, scientific visualizations, games   Desktop 3-D for artificial worlds Bookhouse, file-cabinets, shopping malls   Desktop 3-D for information visualization cone/cam trees, perspective wall, web-book SGI directories, Visible Decisions, Media Lab landscapes XGobi scatterplots, Themescape, Visage   Chartjunk 3-D: barcharts, piecharts, histograms

Medical & Scientific Visualizations   Volume Visualization for Medical SUNY – Stony Brook  Electronic Visualization Laboratory University of Illinois at Chicago

Commercial Visualizations

Information & Entertainment   3D Home pages, chat rooms  IPIX 3D room tours  IPIX 3D room tours

Are these good uses of 3D?

Communication networks

J.A. Brown, McGregor A.J and H-W Braun. Network Connection & Performance

Planar graph with towers Chaomei Chen

Perspective wall (Xerox PARC) Mackinlay et al, CHI91

ConeTree Xerox Park

Hyperbolic trees  Visually appealing  Space limited  2-level lookahead  Easy affordances  -Hard to scan  -Poor screen usage  -Too volatile Lamping et al. CHI 95

Treemap - view large trees with node values  Space filling  Space limited  Color coding  Size coding  Requires learning (Shneiderman, see TreeViz (Mac, Johnson, 1992) NBA-Tree(Sun, Turo, 1993) Winsurfer (Teittinen, 1996) Diskmapper (Windows, Micrologic) Treemap97 (Windows, UMd) Treemap 3.0 (Java, UMd)

Treemap - Stock market, clustered by industry see

Treemap - Stock market – 3D view

WebBook

WebBook-WebForager Card, Robertson, George and York, CHI 96

Starlight Battelle – Pacific Northwest National Lab

Themescape Wise et al., see also

Mineset

IBM Research: 3D Objects & Ecological Design 3-D objects & ecological setting speed performance by 10-20% Ark, Dryer, Selker & Zhai British HCI

IBM Research: RealThings Familiar 3-D objects replace form-fillin www-3.ibm.com/ibm/easy/eou_ext.nsf/Publish/581

Microsoft: Data Mountain Cockburn & McKenzie, ACM CHI D perspective & size changes cause no significant slowdown and users like them

Microsoft: Task Gallery

Chalmers Univ: 3D Workspace Manager

Clockwise3d

Clockwise3d vs. Windows Explorer UMd Student Team Project -12 subjects -12 tasks Fewer clicks is faster

Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory 19 th Annual Symposium May 30-31,

For More Information  Visit the HCIL website for 200 papers & info on videos (  See Chapter 15 on Info Visualization Shneiderman, B., Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction: Third Edition (1998) (  January 1999 book of readings: Card, S., Mackinlay, J., and Shneiderman, B. Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think