1. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 3 – Interactive Technologies HCI: Developing Effective Organizational Information Systems Dov Te’eni Jane Carey Ping Zhang

2. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction This chapter explores interactive technologies. We have confined this chapter to the exploration of only those technologies that interact with the user and thus support human-computer interaction. This chapter is organized around input devices and output devices. We also introduce new technologies such as the wireless PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). We also discuss the physical constraints imposed by these new technologies to fit the design.

3. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sensory Perception and Interactive Input Devices Input Device is any machine that feeds data into a computer. Visual Auditory Haptic

4. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Vision: Keyboards Figure 3.1 Traditional KeyboardFigure 3.2 Split Keyboard

5. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Vision: Pointing Devices controls the movement of the cursor on a display screen. There are six different interaction tasks that can be performed by pointing or manipulation devices: Select (point and click), Position (drag and click), Orient (rotate), Path (combination of orient and position movements), Quantify (point and click), and Text (the pointing device merely initiates the position where the text is to begin and then gives control to the keyboard).

6. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Types of Pointing Devices mice (Figure 3.3) graphic tablets track balls Joysticks pen-based input touch screens (Figure 3.4) light pens voice Vision: Pointing Devices

7. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Vision: Pointing Devices Figure 3.3 MouseFigure 3.4 Touch ScreenFigure 3.5 Graphics Tablet

8. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Audition: Voice Recognition Voice Recognition is the ability of the computer to recognize human speech. The four major types of conversational tasks: Composition tasks Transcription tasks Transaction task Collaboration tasks

9. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Touch- Haptic Devices Haptic devices generate sensation to the skin and muscles through touch, weight, and rigidity.

10. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Output Devices capable of representing data from a computer. Visual Display is an output device that is capable of rendering data from a computer. Data may take the form of graphic, tabular, text or other.

11. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Output Devices Synthesized speech is appropriate when: The required message is short and simple, The message needs an immediate response, The user/receiver is visually occupied, The environment is too brightly or poorly lit for ordinary visual displays to be used, The user is moving around too much to visually attend to a single screen, or No screen exists but an audio receiver does (e.g., telephone).

12. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Output Devices Printers Ink-jet Laser Color printers

13. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Output Devices – Non-speech auditory In some environments and for some tasks, non-speech auditory outputs such as beeps are very useful. An auditory non-speech output is any sound that is generated by the computer or other device that can be detected by the human ear but is not speech-related.

14. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Wearable Devices There is a great deal of interest in the design and implementation of wearable computer devices that are small, durable, and useful particularly in a military setting. Vision enhancement, translation (text-to-speech, speech-to-text, and language-to-language), pen- based input, navigation, environmental scanning, and detection are among the many tasks performed by wearable devices. Small GPS (global positioning systems) are often a critical component of these devices.

15. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Wireless Devices Devices connected to networks and other devices through non-wire media such as infrared signals. We have many improved tools to support our everyday life. Mobile or wireless devices are allowing people to compute on the run. Personal digital assistants (PDA), text-based cell phones, palm tops, and other small, portable devices are abundant.

16. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Virtual Devices Virtual devices are those that support virtual reality interaction. Virtual reality is an artificial environment that simulates reality. There are many interaction devices for the world of virtual reality. A combination of exotic headgear, gloves, and body suits orient the user to the virtual world.

17. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Virtual Devices Figure 3.8 Virtual reality glove